Figure 1.

Evolutionary history of extremophile fishes. Time-calibrated phylogeny of Zoarcoidea inferred using BEAST 2.6.6 [52,53] on three sets of 50 randomly sampled UCEs and 11 fossil calibrations, with the inferred positions of habitat and depth shifts noted along branches. The time tree, which shows branches with median node age values, was fixed to phylogenetic topology generated from the analyses in IQ-TREE2 where the 994 UCEs were concatenated. Bars at nodes indicate 95% highest posterior density intervals for divergence times, clear bars indicate ultrafast bootstrap values less than 100%, and dotted branches are those with 10 or more anomalous branch pairs. Illustrations are by Julie Johnson (https://www.lifesciencestudios.com)