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. 2025 Apr 30;16:1577942. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1577942

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Copyright © 2025 Wang, Jin, Wang, Wu, Meng, Zhong, Sun, Wei, Gao, Kaku, Huo and Liu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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JBP485 improved the morphology and pathology condition of the kidneys in rats. The changes in morphology (A), histopathology (B) and the kidney weight-to-body weight ratio (C) after co-administration of JBP485. Glomerular shrinkage (red arrows), tubule dilatation (green arrows), renal tubular epithelial cell deformation and vacuolation (blue arrows) and necrosis and shedding of cell (yellow arrows). Data are presented as mean ± S.D. ^**p < 0.01 compared with control group; ^##p < 0.01 compared with AAI alone-treated group (n = 5).