. 2025 Mar 5;49(6):1359–1364. doi: 10.1007/s00264-025-06451-1

Table 3.

The secondary outcomes comparison conventional and robotic-assisted TKA

Outcome	Conventional TKA	Robotic-assisted TKA	p-value
Length of stay (days)	4.15 ± 1.31 4 (3–5)	4.71 ± 2.16 4 (4–5 )	0.011 ^a
Opioid Consumption 0–24 h	1.94 ± 2.53 1 (0–2.5)	0.99 ± 1.39 0 (0–2)	0.001 ^a
Opioid Consumption 24–48 h	1.28 ± 2.30 0 (0–2)	0.68 ± 1.22 0 (0–1)	0.030 ^a
Opioid Consumption 48–72 h	0.49 ± 1.55 0 (0–0)	0.33 ± 0.67 0 (0–0)	0.968^a
ROM: Flexion (degree)
Post-op Day1	74.02 ± 22.30 90 (60–90)	68.05 ± 29.86 90 (60–90)	0.413^a
Post-op Day2	79.15 ± 20.94 90 (80–90)	74.75 ± 29.21 90 (85–90)	0.885^a
Post-op Day3	82.93 ± 19.86 90 (90–90)	80.26 ± 25.05 90 (90–90)	0.715^a
ROM: Extension (degree)
Post-op Day1	4.36 ± 6.71 0 (0–10)	3.79 ± 6.02 0 (0–10)	0.571^a
Post-op Day2	2.64 ± 4.42 0 (0–10)	2.81 ± 4.70 0 (0–10)	0.828^a
Post-op Day3	2.29 ± 4.19 0 (0–0)	2.76 ± 4.58 0 (0–10)	0.372^a

a: Mann-Whitney U test