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. 2025 May 13;8:745. doi: 10.1038/s42003-025-08162-0

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© The Author(s) 2025

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — a–c Phase contrast images of custom programmed laser ablation test using a purified hiPSC-CM monolayer. The laser was programmed to kill cells in the shape of the block “M” × 2. d Spontaneous calcium activations were recorded using a calcium-sensitive probe (Calbryte520AM) and high-speed imaging system. Spontaneous activation waves navigated around the laser-ablated hiPSC-CMs and through the live hiPSC-CMs. Representative data shown from ≥3 replicates. Supplementary Movie 3 illustrates continuous contraction of live CM networks.