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. 2025 Apr 30;14:e64075. doi: 10.2196/64075

Table 2.

Characteristics of the sample overall and by study cohort (N=584).


Overall (n=584) Cohort 1 (n=298) Cohort 2 (n=286)
Identified as mothers, n (%) 582 (99.7) 296 (99.3) 286 (100)

Children aged 0-5 y 563 (96.4) 285 (95.6) 278 (97.2)

Children aged 6-12 y 99 (17) 57 (19.1) 42 (14.7)

Children aged 13-17 y 22 (3.8) 10 (3.4) 12 (4.2)
Perinatal status, n (%) 266 (45.5) 150 (50.3) 116 (40.6)

Currently pregnant 59 (10.1) 32 (10.7) 27 (9.4)

Currently post partum 210 (36) 120 (40.3) 90 (31.5)
Age (y), mean (SD) 34.2 (3.9) 34.4 (3.9) 34.1 (3.8)
Country of residence, n (%)

Canada 208 (35.6) 116 (38.9) 92 (32.2)

United States 345 (59.1) 182 (61.1) 163 (57)

Another country 31 (5.3) 0 (0) 31 (10.8)
Identified as a visible minority, n (%) 77 (13.2)a 39 (13.1) 38 (13.3)b
Urbanicity of residence, n (%)

Large city 150 (25.8)c 83 (27.9)d 67 (23.5)b

Suburb near a large city 212 (36.4)c 104 (35)d 108 (37.9)b

Small city or town 157 (27)c 74 (24.9)d 83 (29.1)b

Rural area 63 (10.8)c 36 (12.1)d 27 (9.5)b
Educational level, n (%)

Lower than bachelor’s degree 76 (13) 38 (12.8) 38 (13.3)

Bachelor’s (4-year university degree) 255 (43.7) 122 (40.9) 133 (46.5)

Graduate degree 253 (43.3) 138 (46.3) 115 (40.2)
Employment status, n (%)

Working full time 284 (48.6) 138 (46.3) 146 (51.1)

Working part time 91 (15.6) 50 (16.8) 41 (14.3)

Working but currently on leave 74 (12.7) 40 (13.4) 34 (11.9)

Stay-at-home mother 105 (18) 54 (18.1) 51 (17.8)

Other employment status 30 (5.1) 16 (5.4) 14 (4.9)
Difficulty paying for basic expenses, n (%)

Not at all difficult 333 (57.1)a 163 (54.9)d 170 (59.4)

A little difficult 170 (29.2)a 86 (29)d 84 (29.4)

Somewhat or very difficult 80 (13.7)a 48 (16.2)d 32 (11.2)
Food insecurity, n (%) 63 (10.8) 34 (11.4) 29 (10.1)
Impaired health literacy, n (%) 95 (16.3)c 48 (16.1) 47 (16.5)e
Had physical or mental health conditions that required regular medical visits, n (%) 151 (25.9)c 85 (28.5) 66 (23.2)e
Days in the previous 4 weeks when physical health was not good, median (IQR) 0 (0-3) 0 (0-3) 0 (0-3)
Days in the previous 4 weeks when mental health was not good, median (IQR) 5 (2-10) 4 (2-8) 5 (2-10)
Social media and podcast use, n (%)

Instagram 569 (97.4) 287 (96.3) 282 (98.6)

Facebook 516 (88.4) 266 (89.3) 250 (87.4)

TikTok 139 (24)f 64 (21.5)d 75 (26.6)g

Podcasts 312 (53.7)h 162 (54.7)i 150 (52.6)b

an=583.

bn=285.

cn=582.

dn=297.

en=284.

fn=579.

gn=282.

hn=581.

in=296.