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. 2025 Apr 30;27:e65710. doi: 10.2196/65710

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©Konstantin Drexl, Vanisha Ralisa, Joëlle Rosselet-Amoussou, Cheng K Wen, Sébastien Urben, Kerstin Jessica Plessen, Jennifer Glaus. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (https://www.jmir.org), 30.04.2025.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (ISSN 1438-8871), is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on https://www.jmir.org/, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.

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Meta-regression coefficients of sample and design characteristics for participation metrics. Gray and black error bars correspond to the SE and 95% CI, respectively. The dashed line represents the null effect of regression coefficients. Acceptance and retention rates were arcsine transformed before plotting on the natural scale. In addition, moderator variables with skew >3.0 were log-transformed. For binary and categorical predictors, the category expressing absence of the respective sample or design characteristics was used as the reference category. Undepicted estimates were not calculated due to low cell frequencies or overall missingness. ACT: active forms of participant care; CG: clinical groups; EMA: ecological momentary assessment; HC: healthy controls; IN: inpatient; MIN: minimal forms of participant care; NNR: none or not reported; OUT: outpatient; PA: parents assisting their children’s participation; PE: parallel parent ecological momentary assessment; PPP: pre, peri, or posttreatment; PR: sporadic parent reports; PSY: psychiatric disorders; SOM: somatic diseases; VG: visual enhancement or gamification.