Figure 2.

Representation of the overall procedure of formulation of the homogeneous nanohydroxyapatite-reinforced alginate–gelatin-based hydrogel and several physicochemical characterizations. (a) Schematic represents the formulation steps of the homogeneous hydrogel ink [created by Biorender.com]. (b) The homogeneous dispersion of nanohydroxyapatite in the hydrogel matrix and the formulation of the stable homogeneous hydrogel at 4 °C. (c) FT-IR analysis of the synthesized freeze-dried cross-linked hydrogel ink to understand the extensive physicochemical interactions between the components. (d) Measurement of thermal stability of the freeze-dried cross-linked hydrogel ink through the change of weight percentage with respect to temperature by TGA analysis. (e) Differential thermogram defines the maximum weight loss temperature of the cross-linked hydrogel-based grafts. (f) The stability of the cross-linked hydrogel-based graft in the physiological temperature window by TGA.