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. 2025 May 15;24:143. doi: 10.1186/s12943-025-02332-8

Table 3.

Pathological outcomes

Nivo + chemo Chemo
outcomes (n = 55) (n = 30) p
R0 resection (%) a 53 (96.4) 29 (96.6) 1
Tumor regression grade a
1 (Residual tumor 0) 11 (20) 6 (20) 0.688
2 (Residual tumor 1–10%) 9 (16.4) 5 (16.7)
3 (Residual tumor 11–50%) 12 (21.8) 4 (13.3)
4 (Residual tumor > 50%) 23 (41.8) 15 (50)
Lymph nodes involved b
ypN0 38 (69.1) 13 (43.3) 0.021*
ypN+ 17 (30.9) 17 (56.7)
ypTNM stage b
I 27 (49.1) 11 (36.7) 0.088
II 11 (20) 2 (6.7)
III 15 (27.3) 14 (46.6)
IV 2 (3.6) 3 (10)

a. Chi-square test

b. Fisher exact probability test