Table 4.

Summary of Inflammatory Biomarkers and Evaluation Methods in Patients with FS

Author	Study Design	Participants	Experimental Groups	Measured Biomarker	Sample Type	Analysis Method
Kabbabe et al. [28]	Case-control	Not specified	FS vs subacromial bursitis	RNA levels	Synovial biopsy	qPCR
Xu et al. [29]	Molecular biology	18 (8 FS, 10 control)	FS vs rotator cuff tears	PGP9.5, GAP43, p75, CD34	Tissue	Immunohistochemistry
Kim et al. [30]	Molecular biology	26 (17 experimental, 9 control)	Patients with and without FS	ICAM-1	Tissue	Not specified
Lubis et al. [31]	Molecular biology	Not specified	FS vs control group	MMP-1, MMP-2, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, TGF-β 1	Serum	ELISA
Lho et al. [32]	Molecular biology	Not specified	Patients with and without FS	IL-1a, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α	Capsular and bursa tissue	RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, ELISA
Chen A et al. [37]	Case-control	92 (42 experimental, 50 control)	FS vs control group	SNPs in IL-1b, MMP-3, TGF-β1, GDF5, IL-1β levels	Serum	SNP analysis, IL-1b expression analysis
Yano et al. [38]	Molecular biology	58 (33 experimental, 25 control)	FS vs rotator cuff tears	IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α	Capsular ligaments	qPCR

Abbreviations: PGP9.5 Protein Gene Product 9.5, GAP43 Growth Associated Protein 43, p75 Nerve growth factor receptor p75, CD34 Cell surface antigen 34, ICAM-1 Intercellular adhesion molecule 1, MMP-1 Matrix metalloproteinase 1, MMP-2 Matrix metalloproteinase 2, TIMP-1 Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1,TIMP-2 Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2, TGF-β1 Transforming growth factor beta 1, IL-1α Interleukin 1 alpha, IL-1β Interleukin 1 beta, IL-6 Interleukin 6, TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor Alpha, SNPs in IL-1β: Single nucleotide polymorphisms in IL-1b, MMP-3: Matrix metalloproteinase 3, GDF5: Growth differentiation factor 5, qPCR: Quantitative polymerase chain reaction, RT-PCR: Real-time polymerase chain reaction, SNP analysis Single nucleotide polymorphism analysis