Table 6.

Key Findings on Inflammatory Biomarkers in Patients with FS

Author	biomarkers	FS value*	GC value*	P value
Kabbabe et al. [28]	IL 1β IL 6 TNF-α MMP1 MMP3 MMP13	154.0 ± 316.37 1679.2 ± 3328.08 484.8 ± 682.3 9369.4 19,792.1 29.7	12.7 ± 16.61 1304.52.7 ± 874.28 152.6 ± 47.48 235.4 755.0 1.6	P = 0.25 P = 0.06 P = 0.34 P = 0.39 P = 0.07 P = 0.12
Xu et al. [29]	PGP9.5 GAP43	2.8 ± 0.2 1.6 ± 0.3	2.4 ± 0.4 1.3 ± 0.3	P < 0.01 P < 0.05
Kim et al. [30]	gen ICAM-1	0.12 ± 0.01	0.09 ± 0.00	P < 0.05
Lubis et al. [31]	MMPs TIMPs TGF-β1	26.6 ± 123.7 106.0 ± 82.1 65.9	109.2 ± 297.2 313.7 ± 321.1 288.4	p = o.oo1 p = 0.001 p = 0.001
Lho et al. [32]	IL-1 IL-1β TNF-α IL-6	1.5 ± 0.15 4.3 ± 0.3 16.0 ± 4.04 21.8 ± 4.63	1.0 ± 0.01 3.1 ± 0.2 10.0 ± 1.76 3.7 ± 0.42	p = 0.05 p < 0.05 P < 0.05 P < 0.05
Chen A et al. [37]	IL-1β	28.55 ± 2.58	20.12 ± 2.28	P < 0.001
Yano et al. [38]	IL-6 IL-1β TNF-α	4.89 ± 14.43 5.69 ± 6.63 5.23 ± 12.51	1.59 ± 3.9 1.41 ± 0.57 1.31 ± 3.04	p = 0.044 p = 0.011 p = 0.016

Abbreviations: IL-1β Interleukin 1 beta, IL-6 Interleukin 6, TNF-α Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha, MMP1 Matrix Metalloproteinase 1, MMP3 Matrix Metalloproteinase 3, MMP13 Matrix Metalloproteinase 13, PGP9.5 Protein Gene Product 9.5, GAP43 Growth Associated Protein 43, ICAM-1 gene Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 gene, MMPs Matrix Metalloproteinases, TIMPs Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinases, TGF-β 1 Transforming Growth Factor beta 1, IL-1 Interleukin 1, TNF-α Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha

^*Data are expressed as mean ± SD (standard deviation)