Table 1. Baseline characteristics of included studies.
| Baseline characteristics | DROP-PIP 2017 | KASAMA 2006 | LOPEZ 2004 | LOPEZ 2007 | LOPEZ 2009 | MULLER 2003 | MURRAY 2001 | NOE 1999 | STROUPE 2000 | TORAFIC 2011 | TORNADO 2019 | TRANSFORM-HF 2023 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study characteristics | |||||||||||||
| Population of study | HFpEF + T2DM | CHF¶ | CHF | CHF | CHF | CHF | CHF | CHF¶ | CHF¶ | CHF | HF | ADHF | |
| Number of patients, n (T/F) | 35 (17/18) | 40 (20/20) | 36 (19/17) | 22 (11/11) | 24 (12/12) | 237 (122/115) | 234 (113/121) | 240 (103/137) | 193 (93/100) | 155 (77/78) | 40 (16/24) | 2859 (1431/1428) | |
| Medication doses (mg) (T/F) | 5/20 | 4-8/20-40‡ | 10-20/ 20-40‡ | 10-20/ 20-40‡ | 10-20/ 20-40‡ | 10/40 | 72 ± 76/ 136 ±122* | 59/133* | N/A | 10/40 | 70/100* | 1:2-4§ | |
| Mean time of follow-up (months) | 9 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 12 | 6 | 12 | 7.3 | 3 | 30 | |
| Patient characteristics | |||||||||||||
| Female sex, n (%) | 15 (43) | 11 (27.5) | 8 (22.2) | 5 (22.7) | 4 (16.6) | 135 (57) | 123 (52.6) | 107 (44.6) | 123 (63.7) | 65 (41.9) | 9 (22.5) | 1055 (37) | |
| Age (years)* | 68.7 ± 8.1 | 68 ± 7.5 | 63 ± 2.9 | 64 ± 4.0 | 66.5 ± 9.3 | 73.8 ± 10.6 | 64 ± 11 | 75.1 | 63 ± 12 | 68.7 ± 10.6 | 66 [51-88]b | 64.4 ± 14 | |
| HF etiology, n (%) | |||||||||||||
| IHD | NA | 0 (0) | 9 (25) | 5 (22.7) | 3 (12.5) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 20 (50) | 808 (28.2) | |
| HHD | NA | 10 (25) | 21 (58.3) | 17 (77.3) | 17 (70.8) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 5 (12.5) | NA | |
| NIHD† | NA | 30 (75) | 6 (16.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 9 (22.5) | NA | |
| NYHA class, n (%) | |||||||||||||
| I-II | 22 (63) | 15 (37.5) | 13 (36.1) | 7 (31.8) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 144 (92.9) | NA | NA | |
| III-IV | 13 (37) | 25 (62.5) | 23 (63.9) | 15 (68.2) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 11 (7.1) | NA | NA | |
| Background HF therapy, n (%) | |||||||||||||
| Beta-blocker | 22 (63) | 19 (47.5) | 36 (100) | 22 (100) | 20 (83.3) | NA | 48 (20.5) | NA | NA | 67 (43.2) | 34 (89) | 2246 (78.5) | |
| ACEi or ARB | 16 (46) | 40 (100) | 36 (100) | 22 (100) | 20 (83.3) | NA | 190 (81.2) | NA | NA | 75 (48.4) | 33 (87) | 1243 (43.5) | |
This table includes data from the entire study population. A 0.05-level of significance was adopted. ACEi: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ADHF: acute decompensated heart failure; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker; CHF: chronic heart failure; CHF¶: congestive heart failure; CMP: cardiomyopathy; F: furosemide; HF: heart failure; HHD: hypertensive heart disease; HFpEF: heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; IHD: ischemic heart disease; MRA: mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists; NA: not available; NIHD: non-ischemic heart disease; NYHA: New York Heart Association; SD: standard deviation; T: torsemide; T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Data expressed in mean or mean ± SD.
Data expressed in median [interquartile range].
Range of doses;
Dose ratio; // Included etiologies other than IDH and HHD, such as dilated cardiomyopathy or aortic valve insufficiency.