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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 May 15.
Published in final edited form as: Soc Sci Med. 2010 Oct 21;71(11):1935–1942. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.09.027

Table 2.

Risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals of the association between wealth and obesity incidence, resumption or initiation of smoking and hypertension incidence, Panel Study of Income Dynamics 1999–2005.

Obesity
 Smoking
 Hypertension
Risk ratio Lower 95% CI Upper 95% CI Risk ratio Lower 95% CI Upper 95% CI Risk ratio Lower 95% CI Upper 95% CI
≤ zero wealth 1.80 1.43 2.26 2.10 1.41 3.12 1.10 0.90 1.35
Quintile 1 1.89 1.49 2.40 1.61 1.07 2.44 1.16 0.95 1.42
Quintile 2 1.51 1.21 1.88 1.50 1.01 2.21 1.17 0.97 1.41
Quintile 3 1.52 1.23 1.86 1.39 0.95 2.04 1.11 0.93 1.33
Quintile 4 1.40 1.14 1.71 1.30 0.91 1.87 1.11 0.95 1.29
Quintile 5 Referent Referent Referent

Note: All models adjusted for baseline covariates (sex, age, race, education, region, general health status, marital status, income and insurance status) and time-varying covariates (income, marital status and insurance status) through the IPW.