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. 2025 May 15;15:16981. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-00312-y

Table 4.

List of the most significant SMPDB pathways.

S. No Metabolite set Total Hits Expect p value Holm P FDR
1 Tryptophan metabolism 59 7 2.18 0.004 0.429 0.429
2 Catecholamine biosynthesis 20 3 0.74 0.034 1 1
3 Arginine and proline metabolism 52 5 1.92 0.038 1 1
4 Carnitine synthesis 22 3 0.81 0.044 1 1

SMPDB Pathway analysis was performed using MetaboAnalyst 6.0. to identify pathways that were significantly altered after HA exposure. Here, Total: Total number of compounds in the pathways; Hits: Number of compound matched from our data; p Value: The original p value calculated from pathway analysis; Holm p: p Values adjusted by the Holm–Bonferroni method; FDR, false discovery rate.