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. 2025 May 15;15:16890. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-01487-0

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© The Author(s) 2025

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Fig. 3 — Development of soil Water Filled Pore Space (a), ammoniacal (b) and nitric-N (c) content through the monitoring period at 0.3 m depth for the three treatments: Ante, “A”; Ante + Post, “A + P” and Post, “P”. Filled triangles represent fertigations on both “A + P” and “P”, while empty ones represent fertigations only for “P” treatment.