Table 4.

Comparison of the efficacy of emerging optical and pharmacological interventions

Method	Effect (slowing down the progression of myopia)	Side effect	Others
LLRT	Reduction in axial growth and refractive progression	Safety requires further verification	Early axial regression of the eye and increased thickness of the macular choroid
DOT	Reduction in axial growth and refractive progression	Safe for children aged 6 years and older	Reduction in retinal contrast signals
Vitamin D	Myopia severity decreases as vitamin D levels decrease	Safety requires further verification	Associated with outdoor activities, the relationship with myopia development requires further research

LLRT: Low-Level Red-Light Therapy; DOT: Diffusion optics technology.