Table 2.
Comparison of nonlistening attitudes by evaluators (peers, instructor, self-assessment during simulation, and self-assessment during video debriefing).
| Nonlistening attitudes | Group | Median | IQR | Min | Max | H | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ordering, directing, or commanding | Stud.A1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 4.00 | 73.588 | < 0.001 |
| Stud.A2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 5.00 | |||
| Peers | 1.50 | 0.50 | 1.00 | 2.80 | |||
| Instructor | 1.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 4.00 | |||
|
| |||||||
| Threatening | Stud.A1 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 4.00 | 86.008 | < 0.001 |
| Stud.A2 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 4.00 | |||
| Peers | 1.10 | 0.20 | 1.00 | 1.70 | |||
| Instructor | 1.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 3.00 | |||
|
| |||||||
| Giving premature advice, suggestions, or solutions | Stud.A1 | 3.00 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 5.00 | 84.045 | < 0.001 |
| Stud.A2 | 3.00 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 5.00 | |||
| Peers | 3.20 | 0.60 | 2.10 | 4.30 | |||
| Instructor | 2.00 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 5.00 | |||
|
| |||||||
| Persuading with logic, discussion, or teaching | Stud.A1 | 3.00 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 5.00 | 28.903 | < 0.001 |
| Stud.A2 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 5.00 | |||
| Peers | 2.60 | 0.50 | 1.60 | 3.50 | |||
| Instructor | 1.00 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 5.00 | |||
|
| |||||||
| Moralizing or preaching | Stud.A1 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 5.00 | 80.037 | < 0.001 |
| Stud.A2 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 4.00 | |||
| Peers | 1.30 | 0.40 | 1.00 | 2.20 | |||
| Instructor | 1.00 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 5.00 | |||
|
| |||||||
| Disagreeing, judging, and/or criticizing | Stud.A1 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 5.00 | 95.430 | < 0.001 |
| Stud.A2 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 4.00 | |||
| Peers | 1.10 | 0.20 | 1.00 | 1.70 | |||
| Instructor | 1.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 4.00 | |||
|
| |||||||
| Begging | Stud.A1 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 5.00 | 56.963 | < 0.001 |
| Stud.A2 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 5.00 | |||
| Peers | 2.10 | 0.40 | 1.40 | 3.50 | |||
| Instructor | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 4.00 | |||
|
| |||||||
| Blaming, ridiculing, or labeling | Stud.A1 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 4.00 | 81.747 | < 0.001 |
| Stud.A2 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 3.00 | |||
| Peers | 1.00 | 0.10 | 1.00 | 1.50 | |||
| Instructor | 1.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 4.00 | |||
|
| |||||||
| Interpreting or analyzing | Stud.A1 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 5.00 | 78.035 | < 0.001 |
| Stud.A2 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 5.00 | |||
| Peers | 2.30 | 0.40 | 1.50 | 3.40 | |||
| Instructor | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 4.00 | |||
|
| |||||||
| Reaffirming, sympathizing, or consoling | Stud.A1 | 3.00 | 3.00 | 1.00 | 5.00 | 109.444 | < 0.001 |
| Stud.A2 | 3.00 | 3.00 | 1.00 | 5.00 | |||
| Peers | 2.80 | 0.50 | 1.90 | 3.80 | |||
| Instructor | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 4.00 | |||
|
| |||||||
| Questioning or testing | Stud.A1 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 4.00 | 162.372 | < 0.001 |
| Stud.A2 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 4.00 | |||
| Peers | 1.30 | 0.20 | 1.00 | 2.20 | |||
| Instructor | 1.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 4.00 | |||
|
| |||||||
| Withdrawing, distracting, joking, or changing the subject | Stud.A1 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 4.00 | 105.626 | < 0.001 |
| Stud.A2 | 1.10 | 0.30 | 1.00 | 1.70 | |||
| Peers | 1.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 4.00 | |||
| Instructor | 1.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 4.00 | |||
Note: Post hoc Bonferroni analysis p < 0.05. Stud.A1 = self-assessment during the simulation session. Stud.A2 = self-assessment during the video debriefing.