Table 4.
Multivariate logistic regression models for predictors of high-acuity outcomes among 10–17-year-old adolescents utilizing pediatric emergency services in Taiwan, by sex
| Variable | All | Male | Female |
|---|---|---|---|
| AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | |
| Sex | |||
| Female | Ref | ||
| Male | 0.90 (0.82–0.98) | ||
| Age Group (years) | |||
| 10–12 | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 13–15 | 1.04 (0.94–1.15) | 1.01 (0.88–1.15) | 1.10 (0.93–1.30) |
| 16–17 | 1.23 (1.10–1.37) | 1.26 (1.09–1.46) | 1.18 (0.99–1.42) |
| Triage Level | |||
| Level 1 | 2.27 (1.71–3.00) | 2.51 (1.70–3.71) | 1.94 (1.21–3.10) |
| Level 2 | 1.98 (1.45–2.71) | 2.15 (1.47–3.15) | 1.84 (1.20–2.83) |
| Level 3 | 1.24 (0.93–1.66) | 1.36 (0.94–1.96) | 1.10 (0.73–1.66) |
| Level 4 | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Level 5 | 0.75 (0.41–1.35) | 0.82 (0.36–1.85) | 0.68 (0.26–1.76) |
| Time of the ED Visit | |||
| 08:00–15:59 | 0.90 (0.77–1.06) | 0.92 (0.74–1.15) | 0.88 (0.68–1.14) |
| 16:00–23:59 | 0.93 (0.79–1.10) | 0.96 (0.77–1.19) | 0.89 (0.68–1.16) |
| 00:00–07:59 | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Number of Abnormal Vital Signs | |||
| 0 | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 1 | 1.21 (0.89–1.64) | 1.29 (0.84–1.97) | 1.14 (0.72–1.81) |
| 2 | 1.59 (1.08–2.34) | 1.67 (1.03–2.73) | 1.51 (0.84–2.71) |
| ≥3 | 1.91 (1.27–2.87) | 2.12 (1.27–3.52) | 1.74 (0.95–3.19) |
| Glasgow Coma Scale | |||
| 15 | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 13–14 | 0.49 (0.26–0.94) | 0.52 (0.21–1.27) | 0.44 (0.18–1.10) |
| 9–12 | 1.15 (0.40–3.30) | 1.29 (0.31–5.33) | 0.94 (0.16–5.64) |
| 3–8 | 3.41 (0.77–15.15) | 4.89 (0.68—35.32) | 2.56 (0.33–19.66) |
| Variable | All | Male | Female | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AOR (95% CI) | Outcome-specific OR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | |||
| Chief Complaints | ||||||
| Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases, and immunity disorders | 2.10 (1.52–2.91) |
(1) 227.63 (110.14–470.43) (2) 4.04 (1.90–8.58) |
2.27 (1.46–3.55) | 1.97 (1.31–2.98) | ||
| Diseases of the nervous system | 1.34 (1.08–1.68) |
(1) 2.64 (1.05–6.62) (2) 1.54 (1.21–1.96) (4) 1.35 (1.05–1.73) |
1.43 (1.05–1.93) | 1.30 (0.97–1.74) | ||
| Eye diseases | -- | -- | 1.47 (1.01–2.17) | -- | ||
| Ear diseases | 1.50 (1.02–2.21) |
(1) 3.73 (1.25–11.10) (2) 1.53 (1.10–2.13) |
1.62 (1.01–2.58) | 1.44 (0.86–2.41) | ||
| Diseases of the circulatory system | 1.56 (1.14–2.15) |
(1) 2.65 (1.03–6.85) (2) 1.46 (1.06–2.00) |
1.67 (1.13–2.47) | 1.50 (0.99–2.28) | ||
| Diseases of the genitourinary system | 1.29 (1.01–1.66) | -- | 1.35 (1.01–1.82) | 1.25 (0.89–1.74) | ||
| Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue | 1.95 (1.02–3.73) |
(1) 5.44 (1.16–25.62) (2) 2.05 (1.07–3.93) |
2.08 (1.02–4.24) | 1.78 (0.75–4.27) | ||
| Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue | 1.32 (1.01–1.73) | (2) 1.35 (1.02–1.78) | 1.45 (1.01–2.08) | -- | ||
| Fever | 1.28 (1.01–1.62) | -- | 1.30 (0.93–1.81) | 1.33 (0.93–1.89) | ||
| Headache | 0.74 (0.58–0.95) | (2) 0.69 (0.52–0.91) | -- | 0.72 (0.54–0.96) | ||
| Poisoning | 1.38 (1.06–1.81) | (2) 1.42 (1.07–1.89) | 1.48 (1.04–2.10) | 1.36 (0.94–1.96) | ||
| Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) Value | 10,961.46 | 6,091.34 | 4,855.94 | |||
Note. The four high-acuity outcomes include: (1) intensive care unit (ICU) admission or in-ED death; (2) inpatient ward admission; (3) return to the ED within 72 h for the same presenting complaint; and (4) ED length of stay exceeding 6 h. The dichotomous outcome variable in these logistic regression models indicates the occurrence of any high-acuity outcome, with patients discharged without a high-acuity event serving as the reference group. “--“ indicates that the variable is not included in the AIC-based final model
AOR: adjusted odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; OR: unadjusted univariate odds ratio corresponding to a specific high-acuity outcome, as denoted by (1), (2), (3), or (4); Ref: reference