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. 2025 May 12;13:e19342. doi: 10.7717/peerj.19342

Table 1. Descriptive data of the study sample.

Variable N (Total = 110) % Mean Std. Dev. Min Q1 Median Q3 Max
Migraine frequency
Chronic 58 53%
Episodic 52 47%
Aura
No 33 30%
Visual 70 64%
Motor 40 36%
Sex
F 97 88%
M 13 12%
Academic level
Primary 3 3%
Secondary 10 9%
College 97 88%
Employment status
Student 28 25%
Unemployed 10 9%
Active 69 63%
Retired 3 3%
Comorbidities
Tensional-type headache 20 20%
Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias 1 1%
Depression 5 5%
Anxiety 5 5%
Major psychiatric disorders 3 3%
POS 5 5%
Musculoskeletal disorders 6 5%
Hypo/hyperthyroidism 7 6%
Asthma 5 5%
Psoriasis 3 3%
Fibromyalgia 2 2%
Gastro-intestinal inflammatory disease 8 7%
Cardiovascular disease 13 12%
Hematological disease 2 2%
Diabetes Type II 3 3%
Neurological disease 5 5%
Visual disorders 3 3%
Age (y) 36 12 18 26 32 45 64
Height (cm) 166 7 150 162 166 170 188
Weight (kg) 68 13 46 59 66 75 112
BMI (Kg/m2) 25 4 17 21 24 27 39
IPAQ-SF vigorous 872 1,070 0 0 480 1,440 6,000
IPAQ-SF moderate 552 911 0 0 240 720 5,760
IPAQ-SF walking 1,149 954 0 516 792 1,386 4,158
IPAQ-SF total 2,573 2,003 0 1,045 2,056 3,746 8,532
IPAQ-SF category
Sedentary 16 15%
Moderate 52 46%
High 43 39%
TSK-11 total 23 7.1 11 16 23 27 42
PCS total 21 13 0 10 20 32 49
FAB-Q total 27 17 0 14 23 39 80
HIT-6 total 64 6.5 48 60 64 69 78
NDI total 11 7.9 1 4 9 15 38
CPSES total 124 34 17 104 128 146 188
SEQRE total 346 176 0 210 350 480 700
Walking fear 1.9 1.7 1 1 1 2 9
Walking difficulty 1.9 1.6 1 1 1 2 8
Running fear 4.2 3.1 1 1 4 7 10
Running difficulty 4 2.7 1 2 3 6 10
Jumping fear 4.5 3 1 1 5 7 10
Jumping difficulty 3.7 2.8 1 1 3 6 10
Neck rotation fear 2.9 2.5 1 1 2 4 10
Neck rotation difficulty 2.4 2.2 1 1 1 3 10
Neck flexion/extension fear 3.2 2.7 1 1 2 4 10
Neck flexion/extension difficulty 2.6 2.4 1 1 1.5 3 10
Spine flexion fear 3.7 2.8 1 1 3 6 10
Spine flexion difficulty 3.1 2.5 1 1 2 5 10
Spine extension fear 4.5 3 1 1.2 4 7 10
Spine extension difficulty 4.4 2.8 1 2 4 7 10
Squatting fear 3 2.5 1 1 2 4 10
Squatting difficulty 3.5 2.4 1 1 3 5 10
Shoulder press fear 2.7 2.3 1 1 2 4 10
Shoulder press difficulty 3.2 2.2 1 1 3 4 10

Note:

BMI, Body mass index; CPSES, chronic pain self-efficacy scale; F, female; FAB-Q, fear-avoidance beliefs questionnaire; HIT-6, headache impact test; IPAQ-SF, international physical activity questionnaire-short form; M, male; Max, maximum value; Min, minimum value; N, number of participants; NDI, neck disability index; PCS, pain catastrophizing scale; POS, polycystic ovary syndrome; Q1, first quartile; Q3, third quartile; SEQRE, self-efficacy questionnaire to regulate exercise; Std. Dev., standard deviation; TSK-11, TAMPA scale of kinesiophobia.