Table 1—

Liver reference values for trace minerals and vitamins A and E.^7–15

Analyte	Reference values (ppm wet weight)
Copper	30.0–150.0
Zinc	25.0–100.0a
Iron	40.0–400.0
Manganese	2.5–6.0a
Iodine	0.1–0.2a
Selenium	0.3–1.2
Cobalt	0.0–0.1a
Vitamin A	1.5–4.5b
	> 15.0b,c
Vitamin E	NA
	> 3.6b,c

NA = Not applicable.

^aAduIt cattle reference value.

^bCalifornia Animal Health and Food Safety reference values denote dry weight values converted to wet weight by dividing by 3 to 3.3.

^cNeonate cattle reference value.