. 2025 May 17;15:17132. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-00498-1

Table 9.

Textural properties of the precursor and optimal AC.

Sample	CO₂ uptake (mmol/g)	^aS_BET (m²/g)	^cS_Mic (m²/g)	^dS_Ext (m²/g)	^ePore volume (cm³/g) (%)
Sample	CO₂ uptake (mmol/g)	^aS_BET (m²/g)	^cS_Mic (m²/g)	^dS_Ext (m²/g)	V_t	V_micro	V_meso
Biomass Precursor	0.20@ 25 °C	0.06	–	–	–	–	–
Biochar	0.73 @ 25 °C	11.11	0.31	10.8	0.023	0	0.023
Optimal AC	6.7 @ 0 °C 4.2 @ 25 °C 2.6 @ 50 °C	1374	838	537	0.752	0.626 (83.2)	0.126 (16.8)

^aS_BET, surface area calculated by BET equation at P/P₀ = 0.05–0.3

^cS_Mic, micropore surface area calculated by t-plot method.

^dS_Ext, external surface area calculated by t-plot method.

^eV_t, total pore volume estimated from the adsorption amount (24.5 mmol/g) at P/P0 = 0.99 using NLDFT.