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Weight loss and thermal stages of copper-contaminated dispersive soil.
| Stage | Temperature range (°C) | Weight loss (%) | Key processes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stage 1 | 25 °C to 100 °C | 1.9% | Evaporation of free pore water and dehydration of copper pollutant |
| Stage 2 | 100 °C to 500 °C | 13.4% | Dehydration, removal of organic materials, and initiation of dehydroxylation |
| Stage 3 | 500 °C to 900 °C | 23.4% | Crystallization of mullite and cristobalite, decomposition of calcium carbonate |
