Table 4.
Atterberg limits of copper-contaminated dispersive soil at different temperatures.
| Temperature range (°C) | LL | PL | Behavioral change |
|---|---|---|---|
| 25 °C to 100 °C | 28.00 | 13.58 | Removal of free pore water, minor changes in structure |
| 100 °C to 300 °C | 24.90 | 12.80 | Dehydration and electrochemical bonding, irreversible changes |
| 300 °C to 500 °C | 19.10 | 11.30 | Dehydroxylation of clay minerals, further consolidation |
| 500 °C to 700 °C | Non-plastic | Non-plastic | Complete dehydroxylation and structural breakdown |
| 700 °C to 900 °C | Non-plastic | Non-plastic | Complete destruction of clay minerals, loss of plasticity |