Table 2.
Endocrine characteristics of patients with MELAS
| Total (49) | Juvenile (21) | Adult (28) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Height SDS (mean ± SD) | –2.0 ± 1.3 | –2.1 ± 1.5 | –2.0 ± 1.3 |
| Weight SDS (mean ± SD) | –2.6 ± 1.6 | –2.2 ± 1.5 | –3.1 ± 1.5 |
| BMI SDS (mean ± SD) | –1.6 ± 1.4 | –1.2 ± 1.6 | –2.2 ± 1.2 |
| Short stature at diagnosis, no. (%) | 22 (44.9%) | 10 (47.6%) | 12 (42.9%) |
| Age at diagnosis (mean ± SD, years) | 23.0 ± 17.7 | 8.0 ± 4.3 | 34.9 ± 14.6 |
| Diabetes, no. (%) | 23 (46.9%) | 9 (42.9%) | 14 (50%) |
| Median age at diagnosis (range) | 26 (12, 50) | 14.3 (12, 26) | 35.5 (25, 50) |
| Median HbA1c (range) | 7.9 (6.5, 18.5) | 6.8 (6.5, 12.1) | 9.5 (6.5, 18.5) |
| Initial treatment, no. (%) | |||
| Life style modification | 1 (4.3%) | 1 (11.1%) | 0 |
| Insulin | 12 (52.2%) | 7 (77.7%) | 5 (35.7%) |
| Sulfonylurea | 5 (21.7%) | 1 (11.1%) | 4 (28.6%) |
| Metformin | 5 (21.7%) | 0 | 5 (35.7%) |
| Hypoparathyoidism, no. (%) | 1 (2%) | 0 | 1 (3.6%) |
| Age at diagnosis (years) | 26 | - | 26 |
| Calcium/Phosphorus (mg/dL) | 7.5/4.8 | - | 7.2/4.8 |
| PTH (pg/dL) | 5.0 | - | 5.0 |
| Papillary thyroid cancer, no. (%) | 5 (10.2%) | 0 | 5 (17.9%) |
| Age at diagnosis (mean ± SD, years) | 34.1 ± 6.9 | - | 34.1 ± 6.9 |
BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; no., number; SD, standard deviation; SDS, standard deviation score