Table 1.
Frequencies, 95% CI, and observed prevalence of high noise according to explanatory variables by sex.
| Variable | Men | Women | ||||||
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| n | PHNPa | 95% CI | p | n | PHNPa | 95% CI | p | |
| TOTAL | 2665 | 7.9 | [6.9–8.9] | 2820 | 7.7 | [6.7–8.7] | ||
| AGE | ||||||||
| >85 | 62 | 4.8 | [0–10.1] | 0.006 | 116 | 6.9 | [2.3–11.5] | 0.035 |
| 65–84 | 467 | 7.3 | [4.9–9.7] | 563 | 8.7 | [6.4–11.0] | ||
| 45–64 | 876 | 10.5 | [8.5–12.5] | 899 | 9.5 | [7.6–11.4] | ||
| 15–44 | 1260 | 6.5 | [5.1–7.9] | 1240 | 6.3 | [4.9–7.7] | ||
| LEVEL OF EDUCATION | ||||||||
| No studies | 257 | 7.0 | [3.9–10.1] | 0.612 | 346 | 8.4 | [5.5–11.3] | 0.001 |
| Primary | 724 | 7.0 | [5.1–8.0] | 731 | 10.9 | [8.6–13.2] | ||
| Secondary | 1144 | 8.5 | [6.9–10.1] | 1081 | 6.7 | [5.2–8.2] | ||
| University | 539 | 8.5 | [6.1–10.9] | 652 | 5.5 | [3.8–7.2] | ||
| COUNTRY OF BIRTH | ||||||||
| Other country | 375 | 12.8 | [9.4–16.2] | <0.001 | 360 | 7.5 | [4.8–10.2] | 0.853 |
| Spain | 2288 | 7.1 | [6.0–8.2] | 2455 | 7.8 | [6.7–8.9] | ||
| INCOME PERCEPTION | ||||||||
| Medium/Low | 2244 | 8.2 | [7.1–9.3] | 0.03 | 2415 | 8.2 | [7.1–9.3] | 0.067 |
| High | 219 | 4.1 | [1.5–6.7] | 182 | 4.4 | [1.4–7.4] | ||
| EMPLOYMENT STATUS | ||||||||
| Other situations | 408 | 10.3 | [7.4–13.2] | 0.146 | 730 | 9.5 | [7.4–11.6] | 0.008 |
| Retired | 608 | 8.7 | [6.5–10.9] | 544 | 7.2 | [5.0–9.4] | ||
| Unemployed | 422 | 7.1 | [4.6–9.6] | 501 | 10.0 | [7.4–12.6] | ||
| Working | 1223 | 7.0 | [5.6–8.4] | 1014 | 5.8 | [4.4–7.2] | ||
| OCCUPATIONAL CLASS | ||||||||
| Class VI | 249 | 10.4 | [6.6–14.2] | 0.024 | 345 | 16.2 | [12.3–20.1] | <0.001 |
| Class V | 868 | 8.2 | [6.4–10.0] | 748 | 7.9 | [6.0–9.8] | ||
| Class IV | 457 | 8.5 | [5.9–11.1] | 453 | 7.3 | [4.9–9.7] | ||
| Class III | 447 | 8.9 | [6.3–11.5] | 489 | 4.7 | [2.8–6.6] | ||
| Class II | 299 | 3.0 | [1.1–4.9] | 328 | 4.6 | [2.3–6.9] | ||
| Class I | 252 | 8.3 | [4.9–11.7] | 288 | 4.2 | [1.9–6.5] | ||
| MARITAL STATUS | ||||||||
| Separated | 129 | 14.0 | [8.0–20.0] | 0.008 | 167 | 18.0 | [12.2–23.8] | <0.001 |
| Widow(er)s | 88 | 5.7 | [0.9–10.5] | 355 | 6.2 | [3.7–8.7] | ||
| Married | 1523 | 8.6 | [7.2–10.0] | 1441 | 7.5 | [6.1–8.9] | ||
| Single | 924 | 6.2 | [4.6–7.8] | 850 | 6.7 | [5.0–8.4] | ||
| COHABITATING COUPLE | ||||||||
| No | 1140 | 7.2 | [5.7–8.7] | 0.231 | 1388 | 7.3 | [5.9–8.7] | 0.357 |
| Yes | 1525 | 8.5 | [7.1–9.9] | 1426 | 8.2 | [6.8–9.6] | ||
| RURALITY | ||||||||
| >10,000 inhab. | 2182 | 9.0 | [7.8–10.2] | <0.001 | 2400 | 8.1 | [7.0–9.2] | 0.101 |
| ≤10,000 inhab. | 482 | 2.9 | [1.4–4.4] | 417 | 5.8 | [3.6–8] | ||
| SELF-PERCEIVED HEALTH | ||||||||
| Poor | 598 | 11.5 | [8.9–14.1] | <0.001 | 886 | 7.9 | [6.1–9.7] | 0.828 |
| Good | 2067 | 6.9 | [5.8–8.0] | 1931 | 7.7 | [6.5–8.9] | ||
| CHRONIC DISEASE | ||||||||
| Yes | 1224 | 10.2 | [8.5–11.9] | <0.001 | 1492 | 8.0 | [6.6–9.4] | 0.625 |
| No | 1441 | 6.0 | [4.8–7.2] | 1323 | 7.5 | [6.1–8.9] | ||
| DEPRESSION/ANXIETY | ||||||||
| Yes | 157 | 22.3 | [15.8–28.8] | <0.001 | 274 | 12.4 | [8.5–16.3] | 0.002 |
| No | 2497 | 7.0 | [6.0–8.0] | 2540 | 7.2 | [6.2–8.2] | ||
Note. CI = confidence interval;
aPHNP = Prevalence of high noise perception