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. 2025 May 10;30:37. doi: 10.1265/ehpm.25-00015

Table 5.

OR and 95% CI between poor mental health risk and variables studied, by sex.

VARIABLE Men Women


Simple analysis Multivariate analysis Simple analysis Multivariate analysis




OR 95% CI OR 95% CI OR 95% CI OR 95% CI
NOISE PERCEPTION
 High 2.77 [1.93–3.98] 2.16 [1.46–3.19] 2.64 [1.89–3.70] 2.46 [1.72–3.50]
 Low 1   1   1   1  
AGE
 >85 2.05 [1.04–4.07] 0.58 [0.22–1.53] 2.31 [1.37–3.90] 0.49 [0.22–1.09]
 65–84 1.12 [0.83–1.53] 0.38 [0.19–0.75] 1.43 [1.10–1.85] 0.72 [0.43–1.18]
 45–64 1.26 [0.98–1.62] 0.52 [0.37–0.73] 1.22 [0.98–1.51] 1.04 [0.80–1.36]
 15–44 1   1   1   1  
LEVEL OF EDUCATION
 No studies 1.70 [1.10–2.60] 0.87 [0.52–1.48] 2.07 [1.47–2.92] 0.98 [0.61–1.57]
 Primary 1.44 [1.03–2.00] 0.97 [0.64–1.45] 1.70 [1.30–2.24] 1.35 [0.97–1.87]
 Secondary 1.26 [0.92–1.71] 1.04 [0.74–1.48] 1.09 [0.85–1.42] 0.95 [0.72–1.25]
 University 1   1   1   1  
COUNTRY OF BIRTH
 Other country 0.63 [0.45–0.90] 0.58 [0.39–0.85] 1.72 [1.31–2.25] 2.00 [1.51–2.64]
 Spain 1   1   1   1  
INCOME PERCEPTION
 Medium/Low 1.08 [0.73–1.59] 0.70 [0.47–1.06] 1.37 [0.93–2.00] 0.99 [0.67–1.49]
 High 1   1   1   1  
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
 Other situations 1.93 [1.39–2.69] 3.19 [2.08–4.87] 1.40 [1.10–1.79] 0.88 [0.67–1.16]
 Retired 1.53 [1.16–2.02] 1.29 [0.71–2.31] 1.44 [1.10–1.88] 0.69 [0.43–1.12]
 Unemployed 1.68 [1.24–2.29] 2.49 [1.77–3.52] 1.42 [1.08–1.86] 1.13 [0.85–1.51]
 Working 1   1   1   1  
OCCUPATIONAL CLASS
 VI 1.22 [0.76–1.98] 0.88 [0.50–1.53] 2.94 [1.94–4.44] 1.65 [1.05–2.60]
 V 0.99 [0.66–1.47] 1.03 [0.65–1.65] 1.33 [0.91–1.95] 0.89 [0.59–1.34]
 IV 1.28 [0.83–1.97] 1.33 [0.81–2.18] 2.41 [1.62–3.60] 1.89 [1.23–2.88]
 III 1.00 [0.64–1.54] 1.18 [0.74–1.90] 1.70 [1.14–2.54] 1.46 [0.96–2.20]
 II 0.51 [0.30–0.87] 0.64 [0.37–1.10] 1.28 [0.83–1.97] 1.20 [0.78–1.86]
 I 1   1   1   1  
MARITAL STATUS
 Separated/Divorced 2.38 [1.44–3.92] 3.04 [1.70–5.43] 1.23 [0.81–1.85] 0.64 [0.39–1.03]
 Widow(er) 1.70 [0.92–3.15] 2.63 [1.24–5.57] 2.18 [1.57–3.02] 1.21 [0.77–1.91]
 Married 1.36 [1.06–1.73] 1.28 [0.79–2.07] 1.02 [0.82–1.27] 0.54 [0.35–0.82]
 Single 1   1   1   1  
COHABITATING COUPLE
 No 0.77 [0.61–0.96] 0.46 [0.29–0.73] 1.09 [0.90–1.32] 0.72 [0.48–1.07]
 Yes 1   1   1   1  
RURALITY
 >10,000 inhab. 0.81 [0.62–1.07] 0.71 [0.53–0.95] 0.87 [0.67–1.13] 0.87 [0.66–1.14]
 ≤10,000 inhab. 1   1   1   1  
SELF-PERCEIVED HEALTH
 Poor 2.62 [2.06–3.35] 1.49 [1.03–2.15] 2.56 [2.10–3.12] 1.02 [0.75–1.38]
 Good 1   1   1   1  
CHRONIC DISEASE
 Yes 1.37 [1.10–1.71] 0.69 [0.52–0.90] 1.49 [1.23–1.81] 0.69 [0.54–0.88]
 No 1   1   1   1  
DEPRESSION/ANXIETY
 Yes 3.63 [2.39–5.51] 2.13 [1.28–3.52] 3.35 [2.44–4.60] 1.75 [1.19–2.55]
 No 1   1   1   1  
SEVERITY INDEXa 1.03 [1.03–1.04] 1.01 [1.00–1.02] 1.03 [1.03–1.05] 1.03 [1.02–1.04]
THERMOMETER OF HEALTHa 0.97 [0.97–0.98] 0.98 [0.97–0.99] 0.97 [0.97–0.98] 0.98 [0.97–0.98]

Note. CI = confidence interval; Bold indicates statistically significant values (p < 0.05). The multivariate model in both men and women was adjusted for all explanatory variables. aOR represents the change in the odds of the outcome for each unit increase in the variable.