Table 3.

Quotes from Photovoice Sessions with Latinx youth describing mechanisms of immigration-related policies on Latinx youth mental health

Mechanisms	Example Quotes
Policing and deportation	Oh, yeah, [street name], like, the huge hot spot for the police. Like, I remember growing up, like, sometimes, my dad was driving, like, we had to watch out for the police or sometimes we’d just avoid that road. We’d avoid that road, because like, my dad was undocumented and he didn’t have his license, then. So, it was kinda, like, a huge risk just to drive there. – Latino YP	[translated from Spanish] I had a friend and they, she was here with her family, but they were illegal and one time, driving, her father made a wrong turn and a police officer stopped them and they took her father and then they deported him and her mom didn’t want to stay here alone. So, she chose to leave, but my friend was sad because in the end but her mom didn’t want to be alone here. – Latina YP
Stereotypes and Discrimination	I think about how all of us eventually are gonna be in a place where we’re gonna be surrounded by, like, all these privileged people, and we’re gonna probably have to go through these things where we get discriminated because of our race, in a way […] So, I feel like—yeah, eventually, we’re all gonna have to go through that process. – Latina YP	Latino YP: The system is dogshit, bro. Facilitator 1: The what? Latino YP: The system is trash. Facilitator: Yeah. Why? Why do you say that? Latino YP: Like some of us are just, like, they don’t really make sense. […] I was, like, on my way out of the bathroom and he came at me out of nowhere trying to fight me. And all I did was literally block him. […] And I got suspended for two weeks even though I didn’t do anything wrong.
Segregated Communities	Latino YP 1: the further north you go, like, the more higher income areas are, the more white area it is. Well, and [Name of School] is like – it’s like pretty much poor right? […] Latino YP 2: I-I went to both. […] Uh, I went to [Name of School] first, and that one was kind of ghetto, like the people there are, like, very ratchet. […] [Name of school] is for more of, like, white people and Asians, like higher income people, and the school's a lot fancier there	Like sometimes I feel like I'm comfortable and sometimes I'm like, oh, okay, I'm used to this 'cause it’s like normal. Or, like, when […] I'm more represented and, like, we have shared experiences – but then to, like, a certain extent I, like, feel, like, the discomfort when, like, they all start speaking Spanish, and then I'm like – I just can’t keep up sometimes. But then, like, the white spaces, sometimes, like, they just – like microaggressions and stuff like that, which is very uncomfortable. – Latino YP
Fear and pressure	And it’s so unfair, because it’s like, it’s the constant fear of trying to be perfect. But you'll see, like, a privileged person, they make a simple mistake, and it’s nothing. But when we make a simple mistake, we’re automatically, like, super horrible people and we need to be deported. – Latina YP	I thought, like, when you have fear and anxiety you, like, hold back. So, like, you feel lonely and, so um, I don’t really know how to explain it, but like, um, it’s like something holding you back and then you like, fall, into like some type of, like, sadness or depression and something like that, yeah. -- Latino YP
Marginalization, exclusion, neglect	Kind of like many, like, the system, it’s, like, designed to be that, you know, intentionally. Because, like, once you internalize it, kind of, like – it’s kind of, like, embedded and, like, carries on so that […] when you internalize it, it’s harder to break free from it – Latino YP	I don’t know like maybe living in these like living in poverty can cause a lot of like negative feelings. I don’t know. Like embarrassment, shame, things like that. – Latina YP
Loss	when gentrification comes around and stuff people, like, lose, like, homes or stuff like that, lose work [...] So they sometimes feel, like, sad or even mad. Example, like maybe Plaza Fiesta has, like, maybe gonna get tore down or something, people – that’s like their safe space, so if they lose that they lose, like, something that’s like a part of them too. Yeah. – Latina YP	Um, so I remember one time, I don’t know if I was coming back-back from school, but I found, like, my mom in basically that same position or that same state of mind, um, because she had got a call that my grandparents were deported. So it was just like really sad and, yeah, they got detained. So yeah. – Latina YP

Note. Table of quotes from youth partners (YP) in the photovoice project demonstrating each of the mechanisms shown in the conceptual model. Quotes for each mechanism were selected with youth partners.