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. 2025 May 19;18:89. doi: 10.1186/s12920-025-02152-1

Table 2.

The demographic and clinical characteristics of the T2DM cases and healthy controls

Characteristics T2DM cases (n = 165) Healthy controls (n = 164) p value

Age (years)

(Mean ± SD)

41–82 (57.19 ± 8.22) 41–60 (53.93 ± 6.32) p = 0.0003

BMI (kg/m2)

(Mean ± SD)

27.5 ± 4.1 25.8 ± 3.9 p = 0.0306

HBA1c

(Mean ± SD)

183.95 ± 51.54 175.06 ± 33.05 p < 0.0001

Fasting blood glucose level (mg/dl)

(Mean ± SD)

88.72 ± 23.1 82.61 ± 20.6 p = 0.01
Males/females (%) 68 (41.4%) / 96 (58.6%) 61 (37.2%) / 103 (62.8%) p = 0.3461

T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; SD: Standard deviation; BMI: Body-mass index