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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 May 19.
Published in final edited form as: Stat Biopharm Res. 2024 Feb 26;16(4):547–557. doi: 10.1080/19466315.2024.2308877

Table 5:

Type I error rates and power from different designs for two equally-distributed covariate strata and continuous outcomes using all data from both stages

Theta Design Threshold Rejection Rate
(0.5, 0, 0.5, 0) NED1 0.048
SED2 0.050
ZHU3 0.044
MCED14 0.2 & 0.4 0.047
MCED25 0.2 & 0.4 0.050
(0.5, 0, 0.5, 0.2) NED 0.160
SED 0.201
ZHU 0.142
MCED1 0.2 0.173
MCED2 0.2 0.172
MCED1 0.4 0.324
MCED2 0.4 0.316
(0.5, 0, 0.5, 0.4) NED 0.462
SED 0.673
ZHU 0.460
MCED1 0.2 & 0.4 0.854
MCED2 0.2 & 0.4 0.853
(0.5, 0, 0.5, 0.6) NED 0.778
SED 0.945
ZHU 0.807
MCED1 0.2 & 0.4 0.994
MCED2 0.2 & 0.4 0.994
1

non-enrichment design

2

Simon and Simon’s enrichment design

3

Zhu’s adaptive design

4

CARA enrichment design using Wald test

5

CARA enrichment design using pseudo-randomization test