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. 2005 Aug 11;2:29. doi: 10.1186/1742-4682-2-29

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Shannon's original 1948 communication diagram is here modified with an oval superimposed over the limits of Shannon's actual research. Shannon never left the confines of this oval to address the essence of meaningful communication. Any theory of Instruction would need to extend outside of the oval to quantify the ideal function and indirect "meaning" of any message.