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. 2025 May 19;15:17341. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-01030-1

Table 9.

Present and suggested roads’ cost analysis.

No Description of work Unit Present road quantities Suggested road quantities Unit Cost Present road’s total cost Suggested road’s total cost
1 Excavation in all types of soil except rocks and transporting the excavated material to a public waste dump M3 399,795 177,950 42 EGP 16,791,390 EGP 7,473,900
2 Supplying & operating clean soil brought from outside M3 348,180 21,750 85 EGP 29,595,300 EGP 1,848,750
3 Supplying & operating granular sub-base M3 24,336 28,808 290 EGP 7,057,440 EGP 8,354,320
4 Providing bituminous layer “M.C.30” with a rate of 1.5 kg/m2 M2 56,160 66,480 29 EGP 1,628,640 EGP 1,927,920
5 Supplying & Operating Subbase Asphalt Layer with a thickness of 7 cm M2 56,160 66,480 156 EGP 8,760,960 EGP 10,370,880
6 Providing Sticky bituminous layer “R.C.30” with rate 0.5 kg/m2 M2 56,160 66,480 12 EGP 673,920 EGP 797,760
7 Supplying & Operating Top Asphalt Layer with a thickness of 5 cm M2 56,160 66,480 169 EGP 9,491,040 EGP 11,235,120
Total cost of structural work EGP 73,998,690 EGP 42,008,650
Total cost of plumbing, electrical, and landscape work “Approximately 1,772,896.4 LE/Km” EGP 4,148,578.61 EGP 4,910,924.25
Total construction cost EGP 78,147,268.61 EGP 46,919,574.25