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. 2025 May 5;27:e66463. doi: 10.2196/66463

Table 8.

Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) “knee function” with the factor “sex” and the covariate “age” (numerical), including interaction effects with the factor “intervention” (R2=0.402).


SSQa df 1 F P value η 2 Partial η2
KOOSADLb score PREc 6851.619 1 62.332 <.001 0.189 0.240
Intervention 6548.347 1 68.131 <.001 0.180 0.232
Sex 4.004 1 0.028 .87 <0.001 <0.001
Age 79.046 1 0.786 .38 0.002 0.004
Recruiter 845.762 6 1.093 .36 0.023 0.037
Pain medication 99.632 1 1.046 .31 0.003 0.005
Pain level 106.118 1 1.038 .31 0.003 0.005
Intervention: sex 13.906 1 0.112 .74 <0.001 0.001
Intervention: age 46.122 1 0.440 .51 0.001 0.002
Sex: age 2.104 1 0.012 .91 <0.001 <0.001
Intervention: sex: age 4.034 1 0.028 .87 <0.001 <0.001
Residual 21,732.292 d

aSSQ: sum of squares.

bKOOSADL: Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score—Activities of Daily Living.

cPRE: survey before the first therapy session.

dNot applicable.