Table 2.
Association of echocardiographic variables for various glucose variation measures in patients with type 2 diabetes using observational epidemiologic approach (n = 2326)
| FPG-CV per 1 SD | HbA1c-CV per 1 SD | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Mode 2 | Model 3 | Model 1 | Mode 2 | Model 3 | ||||||||
| Echocardiographic variables | β (SE) | R2 | β (SE) | R2 | β (SE) | R2 | β (SE) | R2 | β (SE) | R2 | β (SE) | R2 | |
| Cardiac structural parameters | |||||||||||||
| LAD (mm) | 0.36 (0.12)** | 0.02 | 0.52 (0.13)*** | 0.13 | 0.42 (0.13)** | 0.14 | 0.16 (0.12) | 0.01 | 0.35 (0.13)** | 0.12 | 0.32 (0.13)* | 0.14 | |
| LVDd (mm) | 0.11 (0.12) | 0.07 | 0.26 (0.13)* | 0.10 | 0.18 (0.13) | 0.12 | -0.01 (0.12) | 0.07 | 0.12 (0.13) | 0.10 | 0.10 (0.13) | 0.12 | |
| LVSd (mm) | 0.44 (0.11)*** | 0.06 | 0.45 (0.13)*** | 0.08 | 0.39 (0.13)** | 0.09 | 0.23 (0.11)* | 0.06 | 0.21 (0.13) | 0.07 | 0.20 (0.13) | 0.09 | |
| LVM (g) | 3.52 (0.81)*** | 0.09 | 4.69 (0.87)*** | 0.16 | 4.02 (0.87)*** | 0.19 | 0.54 (0.82) | 0.09 | 1.33 (0.88) | 0.15 | 1.17 (0.87) | 0.19 | |
| Cardiac systolic function | |||||||||||||
| LVEF (%) | -0.98 (0.17)*** | 0.03 | -0.79 (0.18)*** | 0.04 | -0.74 (0.19)*** | 0.06 | -0.61 (0.17)*** | 0.02 | -0.34 (0.19) | 0.04 | -0.36 (0.19) | 0.05 | |
| Cardiac diastolic function | |||||||||||||
| E | 0.02 (0.004)*** | 0.03 | 0.02 (0.004)*** | 0.05 | 0.02 (0.004)*** | 0.06 | 0.00 (0.004) | 0.02 | 0.01 (0.004) | 0.04 | 0.01 (0.004) | 0.05 | |
| e’ | -0.16 (0.04)*** | 0.18 | -0.08 (0.04)* | 0.20 | -0.06 (0.04) | 0.22 | -0.12 (0.04)*** | 0.17 | -0.05 (0.04) | 0.20 | -0.05 (0.04) | 0.22 | |
| s’ | -0.05 (0.03) | 0.11 | 0.01 (0.04) | 0.12 | 0.02 (0.04) | 0.13 | -0.01 (0.03) | 0.10 | 0.03 (0.04) | 0.12 | 0.03 (0.04) | 0.13 | |
| E/A ratio | 0.00 (0.01) | 0.08 | 0.00 (0.01) | 0.09 | 0.00 (0.01) | 0.10 | 0.00 (0.01) | 0.08 | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.09 | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.10 | |
| E/e’ ratio | 0.63 (0.09)*** | 0.14 | 0.48 (0.09)*** | 0.18 | 0.39 (0.09)*** | 0.20 | 0.33 (0.09)*** | 0.13 | 0.23 (0.09)* | 0.17 | 0.21 (0.09)* | 0.20 | |
| Deceleration time (msec) | -4.33 (1.20)*** | 0.05 | -4.16 (1.34)** | 0.06 | -4.41 (1.36)** | 0.07 | -3.19 (1.21)** | 0.05 | -2.93 (1.35)* | 0.06 | -3.04 (1.36)* | 0.06 | |
Multivariate model 1 adjusted for age and sex
Multivariate model 2 adjusted for life style behaviors, diabetes-related variables, HbA1c and FPG in addition to age and sex in multivariate model 1
Multivariate model 3 adjusted for baseline status of complications and medicines use in addition to the variables in the multivariate model 2
*: p < 0.05; **:p < 0.01; ***:p < 0.001