Table 3.
Summary of key findings
| Outcomes | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study | Cardiometabolic | Health Behavior | Psychosocial | %Black |
| Thomson et al. [48] |
Weight: No significant difference in the proportion of participants meeting recommended gestational weight gain between the intervention and the control group (p = 1.000). Hypertension and Pre-eclampsia: No difference in changes in the proportion of hypertension (p = 0.399) and pre-eclampsia (p = 0.358). |
Not Assessed | Not Assessed | 95% |
| Thomson et al. [50] | Not Assessed | PA: No significant difference in minutes of physical activity between the intervention and the control group at the three-time points (p = 0.075). | Social Support: No significant difference in social support between groups (p = 0.601). | 95% |
| Berry et al. [23] | Skinfolds: Experimental group had significantly greater decreases in triceps skinfolds (p = 0.01) and subscapular skinfolds (p = 0.04). | Nutrition Knowledge: Experimental group had significantly greater nutrition knowledge than the control group (p = 0.04). | Not assessed | 77% |
| Boyd et al. [25] | Not Assessed | Not Assessed | Depression: Intervention group demonstrated a greater reduction in depression symptoms than the control group (-9.3 vs. -0.1, p < 0.01). | 84% |
| Crockett et al. [28] | Not Assessed | Not Assessed | Postpartum Adjustment, Depression, Stress: At 3 months intervention group reported significantly better postpartum adjustment (13 vs. 10.42, p < 0.009), no difference in depression symptoms or parental stress between groups (ps > 0.05) | 100% |
| Berry et al. [24] | WC, BMI, Skinfold, BP HbA1c, HOMA-IR, Fasting Insulin, Fasting Glucose, 2-hour Glucose Compared with the control group, women in the intervention had a significant decrease in waist circumference at 7 months (p = 0.046). No significant differences in weight, BMI, skinfolds, BP, total cholesterol, A1C, HOMA-IR, fasting insulin, fasting glucose, and 2-hour glucose (ps > 0.05). | PA, Diet: Compared with control, the intervention group had a significant increase in PA (p = 0.033), ate at a fast-food restaurant less (p = 0.012). |
Stress Management: No significant differences in stress management between groups (p > 0.05). Self-Efficacy: No significant differences in self-efficacy (p > 0.05). |
52% |
| Joshi et al. [31] | Weight: No difference in weight gain between intervention and control groups (p = 0.89). | Diet: No significant change in diet behavior: low-fat eating (4.7 ± 2.4 vs. 4.2 ± 1.8, p = 0.86). | Not Assessed | 100% |
| Liu et al. [54] | Weight: Compared to controls, intervention group were less likely to exceed IOM weight gain recommendations (56.3% vs. 63.2%, p = 0.07). | Not Assessed | Not Assessed | 100% |
| Walker et al. [51] | Weight: Weight changes between intervention and control groups were non-significant in each ethnic group (ps > 0.05). | Not Assessed |
Self-Efficacy, Stress: African American women’s self-efficacy was a significant psychosocial predictor of weight loss (r= -0.48, p < 0.05). Lower perceived stress favored weight loss (r = 0.48, p < 0.05). |
35% |
| Liu et al. [42] | Weight: Intervention participants retained less weight than standard care women at 6 months (mean difference– 3.5 kg, p < 0.0003) and 12 months (mean difference- 2.2 kg, p < 0.03). | Not Assessed | Not Assessed | 44% |
| Wilcox et al. [49] | Not Assessed |
PA, Diets: No change noted in the level of PA. Participants ate more vegetables (0.16 vs.-0.29, p = 0.01) and whole grains (8.05 vs. -0.55, p < 0.01). |
HRQOL: Control group had greater improvement in score of HRQOL mental component than the intervention group (4.52 vs. 1.84, p < 0.05). | 44% |
| Gross et al. [30] | Weight: Intervention participants retained significantly less gestational weight gain at 6-month postpartum than control participants (3.0 ± 11.8 vs. 12.6 ± 20.4, p < 0.05). No significant difference in GWG between groups (p > 0.05). | Not Assessed | Not Assessed | 96% |
| Liu et al. [43] | GWG and Percent of Exceeding IOM Guideline: Black participants with overweight gained 4.5 kg less and had a lower percentage of exceeding IOM guidelines than standard care participants (ps < 0.05). | PA, Diet: No significant differences in moderate-to-vigorous PA and energy intake between intervention and control groups (ps > 0.05). | Not Assessed | 44% |
| El-Mohandez et al. [29] | Not Assessed | Smoking: Compared to control group, the intervention group had a greater reduction in environmental tobacco smoke exposure (-301% vs. 25%, p = 0.01); and a lower resurgence in smoking rates (2.2% vs. 7.3%, p < 0.001). | Depression, Intimate Partner Violence: No significant differences in the change for depression and intimate partner violence between the two groups (ps > 0.05). | 100% |
| Grote et al. [32] | Not Assessed | Not Assessed |
Depression, Social Functioning: Compared to the control group, intervention group had lower depression diagnosis (5% vs. 42%, p < 0.003) and depressive symptoms (24.3 vs. 25.9, p < 0.001) Also, the intervention group had greater improvement in social functioning at six months postpartum (3.07 vs. 3.18, p = 0.002) |
62% |
| Cinciripini et al. [27] | Not Assessed | Not Assessed | Depression: Compared to the control group, the intervention had less depression, at the 6 months after end of treatment (p = 0.001). | 54% |
| Kranzler et al. [38] | Not Assessed |
Smoking Abstinence/Cessation: No difference between groups: At the end of treatment (7-day point prevalence quit rates: bupropion = 11.0% vs. placebo = 18.5%, p > 0.05); or week 24 (7-day point prevalence quit rates: bupropion = 9.4%vs. placebo = 21.5%, p > 0.05). |
Not Assessed | 52% |
| McKee et al. [44] | Not Assessed | Not Assessed | Depression, Social Support: Depressive symptoms from late pregnancy to 3 months postpartum were significantly reduced in both intervention and control groups (ps < 0.05); but no significant group difference in social support and mother-infant bonding (ps > 0.05). | 43% |
| Chao et al. [26] | Weight, Glucose Tolerance: No significant differences in gestational weight (p = 0.29), and 1-hour 50 g glucose test between the intervention and control (116.0 ± 35.3 vs. 113.9 ± 23.2 mg/dL, p = 0.82). | Diet: No significant difference in caloric intake (2,154 ± 251.3 vs. 1,972.0 ± 202.7 kcals; p = 0.58). | Not Assessed | 54% |
| South et al. [47] | Not Assessed | PA: Women who completed the intervention had three times higher nature visits compared to the control (IRR 3.1, 95%CI 1.16–3.14, p = 0.025). | Not Assessed | 90% |
| Jesse et al. [36] | Not Assessed | Not Assessed | Depression: The intervention significantly reduced depression scores for African American women at high-risk from baseline to post-treatment (5.59 ± 0.90 vs. 2.18 ± 1.04, p = 0.02) and baseline to one-month follow-up (6.32 ± 1.06 vs. 3.14 ± 1.01, p = 0.04). | 68% |
| Haire-Joshu et al. [33] |
Weight: Intervention arm gained less weight (2.5 kg ± 7.4 kg vs. 5.7 ± 8.8 kg; P = 0.01) and were more likely to return to to their baseline weight during postpartum (38% vs. 21.5%, p = 0.01) compared to control. BP, Glycemic Gontrol,Insulin Sensitivity, Lipid Profile: No significant changes between groups (ps > 0.05). |
Not Assessed | Not Assessed | 100% |
| Hans et al. [34] | Not Assessed | Not Assessed | Depression: The change in postpartum depressive symptoms did not differ between the intervention and control groups (p: Not Reported). | 45% |
| Kitzman et al. [37] |
Pregnancy-induced Hypertension: Fewer women in the intervention group had pregnancy-induced hypertension than the control group (13% vs. 20%; p = 0.009). Weight: No significant differences in gestational weight gain (p > 0.05). |
Not Assessed | Not Assessed | 90% |
| Herring et al. [35] | Weight: Greater weight loss in the intervention group than usual care: adjusted mean difference: −3.2 kg, p = 0.04) |
Diet: More intervention than control participants endorsed eating “less food” at follow-up (100% vs. 44%, p = 0.03). PA: No significant difference was found in the number of days spent walking (p: Not Reported). |
Not Assessed | 78% |
| Lane et al. [40] | BP: The intervention did not reduce the risk of worse systolic or diastolic BP trajectory in overweight/obese women (p: Not Reported). | 44% | ||
| Napolitano et el. [45] | Weight: No significant difference in weight loss between groups p > 0.05). |
PA: No significant difference between groups; but there was a significant increase among the intervention group MVPA (618.4 vs. 279.9 min/weekly; p = 0.004) VPA (328.3 vs. 100.1 min/weekly; p = 0.001) Diet: Intervention groups had significantly higher servings of fruits and vegetables compared to control (p = 0.02). No significant difference in fast food consumption between groups (p > 0.05). |
Stress, Coping, Social Support: No difference between groups (ps > 0.05). | 100% |
| Lewey et al. [41] | Not Assessed |
PA: The intervention group had 647 more steps (95% CI, 169–1124; p = 0.009) and increased their step goals (0.47 vs. 0.38, p= 0.003) more than the control group. |
Not Assessed | 55% |
| Pezley et al. [46] | Not Assessed | Not Assessed | Depression, Anxiety: Depression and anxiety scores remained below the clinical threshold for referral to treatment in both groups (p: Not Reported). | 100% |
| Bryant et al. [52] | Not Assessed | Not Assessed | Resilience, Depression, Anxiety, Social Support: There was a significant improvement in resilience (26.44 ± 5.39 vs.28.29 ± 5.26, p < 0.001) but no significant improvement in depression, anxiety or social support (ps > 0.05). | 99% |
| Cavallo et al. [55] |
Weight: At the end of the intervention, the mean weight change among participants was − 1.3 kg ± 4.4 kg (p: Not Reported). |
PA: Mean change in walking time was 116.3 min/week ± 191.6 (p: Not Reported). Diet: The mean change in servings/day of fruit and vegetables was 0.5 ± 1.5 servings/day (p: Not Reported). |
Not Assessed | 73% |
| Kannan et al. [53] | Not Assessed | Diet, PA , BP Monitoring: At the end of intervention, 77% adopted at least one healthy eating behavior (moderating sodium, serving more fruits and vegetables to their families); 23% adopted at least two such behaviors (reading food labels for sodium; using culinary herbs/spices; serving more fruits and vegetables to their families); and 45% adopted both dietary (moderating sodium; eating more fruit) and biomedical behaviors such as exercising, BP monitoring (p: Not Reported). | Not Assessed | 100% |
| Krukowski et al.[39] | Not Assessed |
Weight Monitoring: Those in the weight loss incentive group had 2.86 times as many days of self-weighing as those who received the lottery incentive (p < 0.01). PA: No difference in physical activity between those who received a physical activity incentive and those who did not (p > 0.05). |
Not Assessed | 62% |
WC: Waist Circumference; HOMA-IR Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance; PA: Physical Activity; BP: Blood Pressure; MVPA: Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity; VPA: Vigorous Physical Activity; HRQOL: Health-Related Quality of Life; GWG: Gestational Weight Gain; IOM: Institute of Medicine