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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Compr Physiol. 2025 Apr;15(2):e70010. doi: 10.1002/cph4.70010

Figure 2. Vagal gut-brain circuits control satiety and satiation.

Figure 2.

A depiction of the anatomy of vagal afferent nerves and their primary sensory responses within the gut and their central neural pathways. HYP: Hypothalamus, PBN: parabrachial nucleus, NTS: nucleus of the solitary tract, NG: nodose ganglia, CCK: Cholecystokinin, GIP: Gastric inhibitory polypeptide, 5H-T: serotonin, GLP-1: Glucagon-like peptide-1, PYY: Peptide YY, EEC: enteroendocrine cells, SM: submucosal, MP: myenteric plexus, LM: longitudinal muscle, IMA: intramuscular arrays, IGLE: intraganglionic laminar endings, ME: mucosal ending. Created in https://BioRender.com