Table 2.
Soil physical properties at different plantations before and after thinning.
| Physical properties | Soil layer (cm) | Plantations | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fraxinus chinensis | Salix matsudana | Ulmus pumila | |||||
| WT | WoT | WT | WoT | WT | WoT | ||
| Soil bulk density (g/cm3) | 0–20 | 1.48 ± 0.02Aa | 1.55 ± 0.03Aa | 1.77 ± 0.04Aa | 1.77 ± 0.04Aa | 1.29 ± 0.05Bb | 1.51 ± 0.02Aa |
| 20–40 | 1.52 ± 0.02Aa | 1.56 ± 0.01Aa | 1.79 ± 0.01Aa | 1.75 ± 0.07Aa | 1.57 ± 0.03Aa | 1.49 ± 0.02Aa | |
| 40–60 | 1.56 ± 0.00Aa | 1.64 ± 0.02Aa | 1.75 ± 0.03Aa | 1.74 ± 0.09Aa | 1.61 ± 0.02Aa | 1.60 ± 0.03Aa | |
| NCP (%) | 0–20 | 1.8 ± 0.41Aa | 1.4 ± 0.04Aa | 1.6 ± 0.25Aa | 1.9 ± 0.19Aa | 5.1 ± 1.21Aa | 1.90.57Ba |
| 20–40 | 1.8 ± 0.21Aa | 2.1 ± 0.53Aa | 1.3 ± 0.18Aa | 2.8 ± 0.36Aa | 2.0 ± 0.10Ab | 1.6 ± 0.64Aa | |
| 40–60 | 1.3 ± 0.39Aa | 1.5 ± 0.35Aa | 1.2 ± 0.25Aa | 2.9 ± 0.52Aa | 2.5 ± 0.05Ab | 2.1 ± 0.34Aa | |
| CP (%) | 0–20 | 31.1 ± 0.26Aa | 25.9 ± 1.07Aa | 3.4 ± 1.50Aa | 8.0 ± 1.55Aa | 38.0 ± 1.45Aa | 30.7 ± 0.71Ba |
| 20–40 | 27.2 ± 0.66Aa | 23.1 ± 0.75Aa | 2.5 ± 1.15Ba | 8.8 ± 1.64Aa | 29.0 ± 0.93Ab | 32.9 ± 2.50Aa | |
| 40–60 | 28.2 ± 0.20Aa | 24.9 ± 0.92Aa | 3.4 ± 0.77Ba | 9.3 ± 2.70Aa | 30.1 ± 1.28Ab | 23.7 ± 2.89Bb | |
| PT (%) | 0–20 | 32.9 ± 0.57Aa | 27.3 ± 1.08Aa | 5.1 ± 1.73Aa | 9.9 ± 1.68Aa | 43.1 ± 0.52Aa | 32.6 ± 1.28Ba |
| 20–40 | 29.0 ± 0.85Aa | 25.2 ± 0.31Aa | 3.8 ± 1.26Bb | 11.6 ± 1.77Aa | 30.9 ± 0.83Ab | 34.5 ± 2.58Aa | |
| 40–60 | 29.6 ± 0.32Aa | 26.4 ± 0.60Aa | 4.6 ± 0.59Ba | 12.2 ± 2.88Aa | 32.6 ± 1.47Ab | 25.8 ± 2.55Bb | |
| CHC (%) | 0–20 | 21.1 ± 0.37Aa | 16.8 ± 1.01Ba | 2.0 ± 0.87Aa | 4.6 ± 1.00Aa | 29.5 ± 0.06Aa | 20.4 ± 0.71Ba |
| 20–40 | 17.9 ± 0.67Ab | 14.8 ± 0.51Aa | 1.4 ± 0.65Aa | 5.1 ± 1.19Aa | 18.5 ± 0.65Ab | 22.0 ± 1.62Aa | |
| 40–60 | 18.1 ± 0.16Ab | 15.2 ± 0.72Aa | 1.9 ± 0.42Aa | 5.6 ± 1.94Aa | 18.7 ± 0.81Ab | 14.8 ± 1.83Ab | |
| SHC (%) | 0–20 | 22.3 ± 0.60Aa | 17.7 ± 1.03Aa | 2.9 ± 1.02Aa | 5.7 ± 1.11Aa | 33.6 ± 1.12Aa | 21.6 ± 1.11Ba |
| 20–40 | 19.1 ± 0.82Aa | 16.1 ± 0.30Aa | 2.1 ± 0.71Aa | 6.7 ± 1.34Aa | 19.7 ± 0.60Ab | 23.1 ± 1.66Aa | |
| 40–60 | 19.0 ± 0.22Aa | 16.1 ± 0.52Aa | 2.6 ± 0.32Aa | 7.2 ± 2.14Aa | 20.2 ± 0.98Ab | 16.2 ± 1.62Ab | |
The data are the means ± standard deviations; different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences in different soil layers (p < 0.05), and different uppercase letters in the same row indicate significant differences before and after thinning (p < 0.05). NCP, noncapillary porosity; CP, capillary porosity; PT, total porosity; CHC, capillary holding capacity; SHC, saturated holding capacity; WoT, without thinning; WT, with thinning.