Table 2.
Microbiota diversity analysis of included studies.
| Study | Alpha diversity | Beta diversity | Composition | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ata et al. (2019) | Shannon index | Control: 3.75 ± 0.23; endometriosis: 3.81 ± 0.26 |
PCoA | p = 0.635 | The composition of the gut microbiota was comparable between the endometriosis group and the control group. |
| Shan et al. (2021) | Sob | Control:167 ± 53.6 Endometriosis:162.06 ± 51.75 |
PCoA | R = 0.2616, p = 0.001 | the gut microbiota of the EM group exhibited reduced α diversity and an increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio compared to the control group. Furthermore, there were significant differences in the abundances of several taxa, including Actinobacteria, Tenericutes, Blautia, Bifidobacterium, Dorea, and Streptococcus, between the two groups. |
| Ace | Control:189.65 ± 58.38 Endometriosis:198.47 ± 43.36 |
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| Shannon index | Control: 2.97 ± 0.24 Endometriosis: 2.93 ± 0.21 |
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| Simpson index | Control: 0.92 ± 0.025 Endometriosis: 0.84 ± 0.024 |
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| Svensson et al. (2021) | Shannon index | Control:2.32 ± 0.72 Endometriosis:1.94 ± 0.58 |
Bray–Curtis dissimilarity index | – | The abundances of 12 bacterial species, belonging to the classes Bacilli, Bacteroidia, Clostridia, Coriobacteriia, and Gamma proteobacteria, were significantly different between patients and controls. |
| Le et al. (2021) | Simpson’s index | Details not given | PCoA | – | GI bacterial communities were comparable between P-EOSIS and CON subjects who were not taking OCPs, but they differed significantly when OCPs were used. |
| Simpson’s evenness | Details not given | ||||
| Huang et al. (2021) | Shannon index | Control: 2.66 ± 0.21 Endometriosis: 2.38 ± 0.35 |
PCoA | The variations in microbiome composition between the two groups are evident along the PCoA1 axis. | Endometriosis patients exhibit distinct microbial communities compared to the control group, particularly in feces, where the genus Ruminococcus has been identified as a potential gut biomarker. |
| Simpson’s index | Control: 0.88 ± 0.03 Endometriosis: 0.83 ± 0.07 |
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| Pai et al. (2023) | Shannon index | Control: 3.66 ± 0.81 endometriosis: 3.27 ± 1.35 |
PCoA | The gut microbiota did not show clustering based on the presence or absence of the disease. | The gut microbiota of the endometriosis group showed statistically significant enrichment in specific taxa, namely bacteria belonging to the Erysipelotrichia class (p = 0.0286), Erysipelotrichales order (p = 0.0286), Erysipelotrichaceae family (p = 0.0286), as well as the Eisenbergiella genus (p = 0.0474) and Hungatella genus (p = 0.0497). |
| Simpson index | Control: 0.83 ± 0.15 endometriosis: 0.77 ± 0.25 |
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| Chao | Control: 225.01 ± 120.56 endometriosis: 179.01 ± 135.79 |
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| Good’s coverage | Control: 0.63 ± 0.21 endometriosis: 0.70 ± 0.20 |
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| Hicks et al. (2024) | Shannon index | Control: 2.69 ± 0.32 endometriosis: 2.58 ± 0.21 |
PCoA | There was significant differences observed. | Lactobacillus was more prevalent in ENDO stool microbiota samples. |
| Jimenez et al. (2024) | Shannon index | Control: 13.73 ± 8.31 endometriosis: 13.51 ± 10.62 |
PCA | ||
| Chao | Control: 84.43 ± 33.36 endometriosis: 85.18 ± 26.30 |
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| Valdés-Bango et al. (2024) | Chao | Control:181.87 ± 45.50 endometriosis: 138.27 ± 66.63 |
Bray–Curtis dissimilarity index | Albeit not statistically significant | Fecal samples from the adenomyosis group showed a significant increase in the abundance of the Rhodospirillales order and the Ruminococcus gauvreauii group genus. |
| Shannon index | Control: 3.22 ± 0.58 endometriosis: 2.93 ± 0.81 |
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| Simpson index | control: 0.79 ± 0.09 endometriosis: 0.78 ± 0.10 |
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| Do et al. (2024) | Faith’s PD | Subgrouping | PCoA | Bacterial composition in fecal samples from control patients varied significantly. | |