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. 2025 Feb 18;14:34. Originally published 2025 Jan 6. [Version 2] doi: 10.12688/f1000research.159772.2

Table 2. TOWS matrix.

Strengths - Opportunity Strategies Strengths - Threats Strategies
  • Promotion of investment and use of the intellectual property incentive to draw foreign direct investment in technology and innovation where the country has its competitive advantage, such as in energy, tourism, and agriculture.
  • Building capability and enhancing innovation by means of international innovation initiatives.
  • To foster technology and knowledge transfer and commercialize research findings, national innovation actors and their network should be strengthened.
  • Promote tech start-ups and entrepreneurship by utilizing the digital strategy.
  • Strengthening the digital platform and strategy to support tech start-ups and entrepreneurship.
  • To attract international investment, make use of government incentives and intellectual property laws.
  • Create connections and provide incentives to take advantage of chances to collaborate with the international community.
  • Boost tech start-ups and entrepreneurship by leveraging the digital strategy.
Weaknesses - Opportunity Strategies Weakness - Threat Strategies
  • Fostering the innovation system by bringing the players together to ensure that laws and policies are applied correctly.
  • Strengthening the financial system to fill a deficit in R&D and innovation efforts, with a focus on projects that support national development objectives.
  • Enhancing workforce skill and graduates' employability through dedicated educational initiatives.
  • To encourage investment and innovation, simplify laws and lower administrative barriers.
  • Develop and commercialize research discoveries, academic and business ties should be strengthened.
  • Close the skills gap by implementing education and training initiatives that concentrate on fields with strong market demand.
  • To promote investment and innovation, simplify regulations and reduce administrative roadblocks.
  • Provide incentives and cultivate connections to open doors to collaboration with the international community.