TABLE 2.
Comparative Analysis of Cox Proportional Hazards Models for Predicting Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events Risk
| Model 1 |
Model 2 |
Model 3 |
Model 4 |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P Value | HR (95% CI) | P Value | HR (95% CI) | P Value | HR (95% CI) | P Value | |
|
| ||||||||
| Age, y | 1.04 (1.04–1.05) | <0.001 | 1.02 (1.01–1.02) | <0.001 | 1.02 (1.01–1.02) | <0.001 | 1.02 (1.01–1.03) | <0.001 |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Female | – | – | – | – | ||||
| Male | 1.42 (1.25–1.61) | <0.001 | 0.99 (0.87–1.14) | >0.90 | 1.01 (0.89–1.16) | 0.80 | 1.06 (0.92–1.21) | 0.40 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.90 | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.80 | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.80 | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.80 |
| Type 2 diabetes | ||||||||
| No | – | – | – | – | ||||
| Yes | 1.96 (1.65–2.33) | <0.001 | 1.71 (1.44–2.04) | <0.001 | 1.66 (1.39–1.97) | <0.001 | 1.59 (1.34–1.89) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | ||||||||
| No | – | – | – | – | ||||
| Yes | 1.84 (1.56–2.17) | <0.001 | 1.74 (1.46–2.06) | <0.001 | 1.71 (1.44–2.03) | <0.001 | 1.66 (1.40–1.97) | <0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia | ||||||||
| No | – | – | – | – | ||||
| Yes | 1.04 (0.89–1.23) | 0.60 | 0.97 (0.82–1.15) | 0.80 | 0.99 (0.84–1.17) | >0.90 | 1.01 (0.86–1.20) | 0.90 |
| CAC score, log | 1.76 (1.64–1.88) | <0.001 | 1.75 (1.63–1.88) | <0.001 | 1.74 (1.62–1.86) | <0.001 | ||
| GSI risk score | 2.67 (1.63–4.38) | <0.001 | 1.54 (0.91–2.60) | 0.11 | ||||
| SVI | 2.16 (1.68–2.80) | <0.001 | ||||||
Model 1: Baseline model including traditional cardiovascular risk factors such as age, sex, body mass index, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Model 2: Extends Model 1 by incorporating the coronary artery calcium (CAC) score. Model 3: Further includes the Google Satellite Image (GSI) risk score alongside the variables in Model 2. Model 4: Integrates the social vulnerability index (SVI) into Model 3.