Table 5.

Associations of PDX1 with adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Items	Model 1			Model 2
	OR	95%CI	P	OR	95%CI	P
Pre-eclampsia
Per 1 pg/mL	0.967	0.928-1.008	0.110	0.971	0.932-1.012	0.160
PDX1<131pg/mL	Reference			Reference
PDX1≥131pg/mL	0.319	0.063-1.613	0.167	0.320	0.055-1.845	0.202
Fetal growth restriction
Per 1 pg/mL	0.994	0.968-1.021	0.646	0.990	0.962-1.019	0.496
PDX1<131pg/mL	Reference			Reference
PDX1≥131pg/mL	1.143	0.400-3.262	0.803	1.020	0.348-2.988	0.971
Preterm birth
Per 1 pg/mL	0.974	0.948-1.001	0.059	0.971	0.942-1.000	0.049
PDX1<131pg/mL	Reference			Reference
PDX1≥131pg/mL	0.353	0.122-1.026	0.056	0.326	0.104-1.021	0.054
Macrosomia
Per 1 pg/mL	0.951	0.921-0.982	0.002	0.942	0.909-0.977	0.001
PDX1<131pg/mL	Reference			Reference
PDX1≥131pg/mL	0.280	0.089-0.887	0.030	0.249	0.076-0.811	0.021
Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
Per 1 pg/mL	1.002	0.965-1.039	0.931	1.007	0.968-1.048	0.712
PDX1<131pg/mL	Reference			Reference
PDX1≥131pg/mL	0.737	0.161-3.367	0.694	0.811	0.165-3.997	0.797
Composite adverse pregnancy outcomes
Per 1 pg/mL	0.974	0.958-0.991	0.004	0.974	0.965-0.991	0.004
PDX1<131pg/mL	Reference			Reference
PDX1≥131pg/mL	0.487	0.258-0.920	0.027	0.496	0.256-0.960	0.037

Model 1: not adjusted; Model 2: adjusted for age, preconception BMI, family history of diabetes, smoking exposure, alcohol consumption, and GDM.