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. 2025 Jan 10;49(5):755–765. doi: 10.1038/s41366-024-01704-2

Table 2.

Quality assessment based on Cochranes Collaboration’s tool risk of bias assessment.

Study name Random sequence generation Allocation concealment Blinding of participants and personnel Blinding of outcome assessment Incomplete outcome data Selective reporting Other bias Overall bias
Brady et al. 2021 [31] Low risk Low risk High risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk
Kotarsky et al. 2021 [34] Low risk Low risk High risk Unclear risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk
Moro et al. 2016 [12] Low risk Low risk High risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk
Moro et al. 2020 [36] Low risk Low risk High risk Unclear risk Low risk High risk Low risk Unclear risk
Isenmann et al. 2021 [33] Low risk Low risk High risk Unclear risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk
Tinsley et al. 2019 [41] Low risk Low risk High risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk
Stratton et al. 2020 [39] Low risk Unclear risk High risk Unclear risk Low risk High risk Low risk Unclear risk
Tinsley et al. 2017 [40] Low risk Unclear risk High risk Unclear risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk
Tovar et al. 2021 [42] Low risk Low risk High risk Unclear risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk
Martinez et al. 2021 [35] Low risk Low risk High risk Unclear risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk
Correia et al. 2021 [8] Low risk Low risk High risk Unclear risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk
Ribeiro et al. 2021 [37] Low risk Low risk High risk Unclear risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk
Correia et al. 2023 [9] Low risk Low risk High risk Unclear risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk
Haganes et al. 2022 [32] Low risk Low risk High risk Unclear risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk
Richardson et al. 2023 [38] Low risk Low risk High risk Unclear risk Low risk Low risk Low risk Low risk