Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants (n = 1480).
| Characteristic | Median [Min-Max] | Number (%) missing | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic factors | ||||
| Age in years, mean (SD) | 43.1 (18.2) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Sex (Male), n (%) | 800 (54.1) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Employment status, n (%) | 48 (3.2) | |||
| Employed | 981 (66.3) | |||
| School | 154 (10.4) | |||
| Retired | 200 (13.5) | |||
| Others | 97 (6.6) | |||
| Living situation, n (%) | 23 (1.6) | |||
| Alone | 351 (23.7) | |||
| With others | 1106 (74.7) | |||
| Education level, n (%) | 17 (1.1) | |||
| Less than high school | 96 (6.5) | |||
| High school and vocational | 569 (38.4) | |||
| University | 798 (53.9) | |||
| Ethnicity, n (%) | 20 (1.4) | |||
| Caucasian | 739 (49.9) | |||
| Asian | 364 (24.6) | |||
| Others | 357 (24.1) | |||
| Years lived in Canada, n (%) | 19 (1.3) | |||
| > 10 years | 1252 (84.6) | |||
| ≤ 10 years | 209 (14.1) | |||
| Psychological and medical factors | ||||
| Somatic symptoms severity (PHQ-15), mean (SD) | 3.3 (3.7) | 47 (3.2) | ||
| Pain catastrophizing, mean (SD) | 7.4 (9.3) | 45 (3.0) | ||
| Psychological distress (PHQ-4) | 0.0 [0.0–12.0] | 5 (0.3) | ||
| Health-related quality of life (SF-12), mean (SD) | 106.7 (11.2) | 21 (1.4) | ||
| Pre-injury comorbidities number, mean (SD) | 1.0 (1.3) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Trauma-related factors | ||||
| ED visited, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | |||
| VGH (Vancouver) | 1219 (82.4) | |||
| RCH (New Westminster) | 219 (14.8) | |||
| KGH (Kelowna) | 42 (2.8) | |||
| Crash time (Season), n (%) | 0 (0.0) | |||
| Spring | 257 (17.4) | |||
| Summer | 277 (18.7) | |||
| Fall | 482 (32.6) | |||
| Winter | 464 (31.4) | |||
| Road user type, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | |||
| Driver | 683 (46.1) | |||
| Passenger | 225 (15.2) | |||
| Motorcyclist | 118 (8.0) | |||
| Pedestrian | 280 (18.9) | |||
| Cyclist | 174 (11.8) | |||
| ISS | 3.0 [0.0–66.0] | 1 (0.1) | ||
| GCS | 15.0 [3.0–15.0] | 100 (6.8) | ||
| Injury location, n (%) | ||||
| Head (Yes) | 567 (38.3) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Neck (Yes) | 558 (37.7) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Torso (Yes) | 567 (38.3) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Spine/back (Yes) | 501 (33.9) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Upper extremity (Yes) | 744 (50.3) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Lower extremity (Yes) | 705 (47.6) | 0 (0.0) | ||
SD: standard deviation; PHQ-15: Patient Health Questionnaire-15; PHQ-4: Patient Health Questionnaire-4; SF-12: Short Form 12 survey; VGH: Vancouver General Hospital; RCH: Royal Columbian Hospital; KGH: Kelowna General Hospital; ED: emergency department; ISS: injury severity score; GCS: Glasgow Coma Scale.