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. 2025 May 9;12:1549653. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1549653

Table 2.

Comparison of disease-related variables between training and validation cohorts.

Variables Total (n = 322) Train (n = 225) Test (n = 97) p-value
Hb, g/L (median, IQR) 140.00 (128.00, 150.00) 141.00 (129.00, 151.00) 138.00 (125.00, 150.00) 0.307
Ca, mmol/L (median, IQR) 2.37 (2.26, 2.46) 2.38 (2.27, 2.47) 2.36 (2.24, 2.44) 0.211
P, mmol/L (median, IQR) 1.06 (0.93, 1.19) 1.06 (0.92, 1.20) 1.05 (0.94, 1.18) 0.561
SUA, μmol/L (median, IQR) 357.50 (314.00, 413.70) 357.00 (316.00, 403.00) 365.00 (297.00, 424.00) 0.507
IgG, g/L (median, IQR) 12.20 (10.50, 14.70) 12.00 (10.50, 14.80) 12.50 (10.60, 14.20) 0.874
IgA, g/L (median, IQR) 2.90 (2.13, 3.98) 2.83 (2.14, 3.98) 2.91 (2.07, 3.97) 0.721
IgM, g/L (median, IQR) 0.91 (0.69, 1.27) 0.90 (0.69, 1.25) 0.91 (0.68, 1.31) 0.986
C3, g/L (median, IQR) 1.01 (0.88, 1.18) 1.01 (0.88, 1.19) 1.00 (0.89, 1.16) 0.607
C4, g/L (median, IQR) 0.24 (0.21, 0.29) 0.24 (0.20, 0.28) 0.25 (0.21, 0.29) 0.91
CRP, mg/L (median, IQR) 9.97 (4.14, 24.62) 9.55 (4.23, 22.20) 11.00 (3.31, 30.50) 0.469
ESR, mm/h 23.00 (9.00, 44.00) 22.00 (9.00, 43.00) 25.00 (10.00, 45.00) 0.557
25 (OH) D, ng/mL (median, IQR) 20.96 (16.00, 26.00) 21.00 (16.00, 26.00) 20.00 (17.00, 25.00) 0.742
TC groups, mmol/L, n (%) 0.408
<3.70 107 (33.23) 78 (34.67) 29 (29.90)
3.70–4.52 109 (33.85) 71 (31.56) 38 (39.18)
>4.52 106 (32.92) 76 (33.78) 30 (30.93)
TC groups, mmol/L, n (%) 0.217
<0.89 107 (33.23) 69 (30.67) 38 (39.18)
0.89–1.40 109 (33.85) 76 (33.78) 33 (34.02)
>1.40 106 (32.92) 80 (35.56) 26 (26.80)
HLA-B27, n (%) 0.137
Negative 34 (10.56) 20 (8.89) 14 (14.43)
Positive 288 (89.44) 205 (91.11) 83 (85.57)
Sacroiliitis average, n (%) 0.747
2 143 (44.41) 102 (45.33) 41 (42.27)
2.5 6 (1.86) 4 (1.78) 2 (2.06)
3 76 (23.60) 49 (21.78) 27 (27.84)
3.5 15 (4.66) 12 (5.33) 3 (3.09)
4 82 (25.47) 58 (25.78) 24 (24.74)
Hip involvement, n (%) 0.245
No 185 (57.45) 134 (59.56) 51 (52.58)
Yes 137 (42.55) 91 (40.44) 46 (47.42)
Patients on GC, n (%) 1
No 311 (96.58) 217 (96.44) 94 (96.91)
Yes 11 (3.42) 8 (3.56) 3 (3.09)

Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation (SD), median (interquartile range), or number (percentage). Hb, Hemoglobin; SUA, Serum uric acid; Ca, Serum calcium; P, Serum phosphorus; TC, Total cholesterol; TG, Triglycerides; IgG, Immunoglobulin G; IgA, Immunoglobulin A; IgM, Immunoglobulin M; C3, Complement component 3; C4, Complement component 4; CRP, C-reactive protein; ESR, Erythrocyte sedimentation rate; 25 (OH) D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D.