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. 2025 May 9;16:1554203. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1554203

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Copyright © 2025 Zhang, Li, Tong, Cui, Guo, Wen, Song, Chen, Xiang, Liu, Fan and Wang

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Immunohistochemical microscopic images of smooth muscle actin SMA, cluster of differentiation (CD) 168, cluster of differentiation (CD) 68 and PDL-1 for the tumor micro-environment analysis in the tumor sample and adjacent normal tissue.