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. 2025 May 22;15:17729. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-02813-2

Table 1.

Comparison between the presented 2D self-referenced spectral interferometry, its previous version (SRSI-ETE), recently developed high dynamic range single-shot cross-correlators (SSCC) and commercially available reference instruments (Sequoia, Tundra, Wizzler, FROG, SPIDER). 

Technique SNR DR TR [ps] TRes [fs] pts NrS bandw SpP SpT Operating principle

2D SRSI

(this work)

>109 >108 120 18 4656 1 Full pulse Yes Yes

XPW 2D SRSI,

single shot,

spatio-temporal

information,

high dynamic

spectrogram

SRSI-ETE26 >108 >105 18 18 900 1 Full pulse Yes Yes

XPW SRSI-ETE,

single shot,

spatio-temporal

information

SSCC-OPR48 >106 >104* 200 6260 35 1

SHG/THG

limitations

No No

Optical pulse

replicator, single

shot, *estimated in

multiple shot

measurements

SSC-OFG19,49 >109 114 200 160 1

SHG/THG

limitations

No No

OPA based,

optical fiber array,

single shot

SSC-OFG

-NOPA50

>108 >102 14 800 17.5 1

NOPA

limitations

No No

NOPA base,

optical fiber array,

single shot

SS-FOA21 >1010 >104 65 160 406 1

SFM

limitations

No No XPW+SFM

SEA-CAR-

SPIDER36

>103 >102 4.8 <10 1280 1 Full pulse Yes Yes

SPIDER principle

using spatially

encoded

interferogram, influence of PSF

not specified

WIZZLER

FASTLITE28,29

>105 >104 5 10 500 1 Full pulse Yes No

XPW SRSI

single shot,

spectral phase

reconstruction

FROG

SWAMP

OPTICS

>103 >102 2 35 72 1 Full pulse Yes Part*

SHG single-shot,

auto-correlation,

spectrally resolved

*FROG can have

partial SpT.

SPIDER APE >103 >103 1 15 >60 1 Full pulse Yes No*

SFM single

shot spectral,

shear interferometer

*Custom SPIDERs

can have SpT

SEQUOIA

AMPLITUDE

>1010 >108 >2000 >100 n.r.

2·103

(3·104)

SHG/THG

limitations

No No

Scanning third

order CC

TUNDRA

UFI

>1012 >108 >2000 >100 n.r. 4·104

SHG/THG

limitations

No No

Scanning third

order CC

SNR: signal to noise ratio, DR: dynamic range (largest signal measured/smallest signal measured), TR: temporal range, TRes: temporal resolution, pts: number of sampling points, NrS: number of required shots per full measurement, bandw: measurement bandwidth, SpP: spectral phase measurement capabilities, SpT: spatio-temporal measurement capabilities, n.r.: not relevant.