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. 2025 May 12;73(20):12132–12145. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c12140

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© 2025 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society

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Effect of acteoside on molar proportion of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) [mol per 100 mol of total SCFA, (A) to (C)], effect of aucubin on molar proportion of SCFA [mol per 100 mol of total SCFA, (F) to (H)], A/P; acetate to propionate ratio, AB/PV; acetate + butyrate to propionate + valerate ratio, effect of acteoside on A/P (D), AB/PV (E) and effect of aucubin on A/P (I), AB/PV (J) when incubated with ryegrass (RG) in experiment 3, values marked with the same letter within the same parameter (within individual plots) are not statistically different, the 0 concentration refers to control RG (0 PSM).