4. Comparison of Total Short-chain Fatty Acids (SCFA), Molar Proportion of SCFA, and Net Ammonia (NH₃) Production In Vitro of Plantain (PL) Substrates and Ryegrass (RG) Substrates in Experiment 1 over Time.

		absolute concentrations			molar proportions (mol/100 mol total SCFA)							ratios
items		SCFA	net NH3	net NH3 per CP	acetate	butyrate	propionate	valerate	caproate	iso-butyrate	iso-valerate	A/P	AB/PV
ryegrass	(RG)	74.2	11.5	42.2	67.5	10.7	16.9	1.30	0.10	1.43	2.14	4.02	4.32
plantain substrates	PL1	68.0	6.2	37.5	68.6	11.0	16.0	1.44	0.18	1.15	1.67	4.29	4.56
	PL2	68.7	8.1	48.1	68.6	10.5	16.5	1.50	0.16	1.16	1.56	4.18	4.42
	PL3	65.9	7.8	43.9	68.3	11.4	15.8	1.37	0.17	1.21	1.78	4.34	4.66
SEM		4.02	1.84	9.71	1.26	1.28	0.87	0.18	0.02	0.23	0.40	0.16	0.18
substrates		<0.01	<0.01	0.08	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01
time		<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	0.23	0.09	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	0.09	0.01
substrates × time		0.40	0.17	0.27	0.05	0.11	0.9	<0.01	0.35	0.02	<0.01	0.94	0.8

^aTotal short-chain fatty acids (mmol).

^bNet ammonia production in mmol NH₃ per g of DM incubated.

^cNet ammonia production in mmol NH₃ per g of CP incubated.

^dAcetate to propionate ratio (A/P).

^e[acetate + butyrate] to [propionate + valerate] ratio (AB/PV).

^fPL1: plantain substrate containing 10 mg of acteoside/g pasture DM and 9 mg aucubin/g pasture DM.

^gPL2: plantain substrate containing 18 mg acteoside/g pasture DM and 6 mg aucubin/g pasture DM.

^hPL3: plantain substrate containing 6 mg acteoside/g pasture DM and 9 mg aucubin/g pasture DM, values with the same letter within the same rows are not significant (p > 0.05), SEM: standard error of means.