7. Comparison of Net Ammonia (NH₃) Production In Vitro at Different Concentrations of PSM Compared to Ryegrass (RG) in Experiment 2 over Time.

items	treatments	net ammonia (NH3) production
controls	RG	11.47
	RG-DMF	09.73
acteoside	ACT-6	10.03
	ACT-10	09.84
	ACT-18	09.64
	ACT-36	07.67
aucubin	AUC-6	10.22
	AUC-9	09.55
	AUC-12	08.78
	AUC-24	07.71
catalpol	CAT-10	09.07
	SEM	1.95
	p values
	treatment	<0.001
	time	<0.001
	treatments × time	n.s

^aRyegrass control.

^bDimethylformamide added ryegrass control.

^cTreatments within the rows corresponding to varying doses of acteoside (denoted as ACT) and the numeric values separated by a hyphen indicating the amount of acteoside in mg/g of pasture DM.

^dTreatments within the rows corresponding to varying doses of aucubin (denoted as AUC) and the numeric values separated by a hyphen indicating the amount of aucubin in mg/g of pasture DM.

^e10 mg catalpol/g pasture DM, values with the same letter within the same column are not significant (p > 0.05), SEM: standard error of means, n.s: not significant at 5% significant level.