Figure 2.
Antioxidant effects of vitamins in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. GSH, glutathione; GSSG, oxidized glutathione; MDA, malondialdehyde; MSC, mesenchymal stem cell; ROS, reactive oxygen species; Nrf2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; GPX4, glutathione peroxidase 4; Tf, transferrin; SOD, superoxide dismutase.
