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. 2025 May 17;15(3):75. doi: 10.3390/jox15030075
AOP adverse outcome pathway
A-PS amine-modified polystyrene
C-PS carboxyl-modified polystyrene
ECHA European Chemicals Agency
MMP mitochondrial membrane potential
NP nanoplastics
PET polyethylene terephthalate
PE polyethylene
PC polycarbonate
PLA polylactic acid
PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
PP polypropylene
PS polystyrene
PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
ROS reactive oxygen species
Sa-PS sulfonic acid-modified polystyrene
S-PS sulfate-modified polystyrene
uPS unmodified polystyrene
wPET weathered polyethylene terephthalate
wPS weathered polystyrene