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Problems/higher incidence of complications in repair with advancing age
| Residual VSD |
|---|
| Pulmonary incompetence |
| Restrictive RV physiology leading to CHF |
| Recurrent pleural effusions |
| RV/LV dysfunction |
| Atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, sick sinus syndrome |
VSD, ventricular septal defect; RV, right ventricle; LV, left ventricle; CHF, congestive heart failure
